Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2013 Jul;105(1):24-37. doi: 10.1037/a0032849. Epub 2013 May 27.
The present studies examined how observers infer moral attributes and beliefs from nonverbal pride displays. Pride is a self-focused positive emotion triggered by appraisals of the self's success, status, and competence. We hypothesized that when a target emits nonverbal cues of pride, he or she will be viewed by observers as higher in self-interest and therefore more likely to endorse ideologies that would benefit the self-specifically, merit-based resource distributions (meritocracy) as opposed to equality-based resource distributions (egalitarianism). Across studies, experimentally manipulated pride displays (Studies 1 and 3) and naturally occurring expressions of pride (Study 4) led observers to infer heightened support for meritocracy as opposed to egalitarianism. Analyses also revealed that people intuitively associate higher self-interest with enhanced support for meritocracy as opposed to egalitarianism (Study 2), and this association mediates the pathway from pride displays to inferences of heightened support for meritocracy and reduced support for egalitarianism (Studies 3 and 4). Across studies, we compare pride to expressions of joy or no emotion and demonstrate these effects using thin slices as well as static images.
本研究考察了观察者如何从非言语的骄傲表现中推断道德属性和信念。骄傲是一种自我关注的积极情绪，由对自我成功、地位和能力的评价引发。我们假设，当目标发出非言语的骄傲信号时，他或她将被观察者视为更关注自身利益，因此更有可能支持有利于自身的意识形态，具体来说，是基于功绩的资源分配（精英主义），而不是基于平等的资源分配（平等主义）。在多项研究中，通过实验操纵的骄傲表现（研究 1 和 3）和自然发生的骄傲表现（研究 4），使观察者推断出对精英主义的支持增强，而对平等主义的支持减弱。分析还表明，人们直觉上认为更高的自我利益与对精英主义的支持增强而不是平等主义的支持增强有关（研究 2），这种关联中介了从骄傲表现到对精英主义支持增强和对平等主义支持减弱的推断的途径（研究 3 和 4）。在多项研究中，我们将骄傲与喜悦或无情绪的表达进行了比较，并使用薄片和静态图像展示了这些效果。
