Dipartimento di Patologia e Diagnostica, Sezione di Microbiologia, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013 May 29;13:117. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-117.
Dental caries is an infectious disease which results from the acidic demineralisation of the tooth enamel and dentine as a consequence of the dental plaque (a microbial biofilm) accumulation. Research showed that several foods contain some components with antibacterial and antiplaque activity. Previous studies indicated antimicrobial and antiplaque activities in a low-molecular-mass (LMM) fraction of extracts from either an edible mushroom (Lentinus edodes) or from Italian red chicory (Cichorium intybus).
We have evaluated the antimicrobial mode of action of these fractions on Streptococcus mutans, the etiological agent of human dental caries. The effects on shape, macromolecular syntheses and cell proteome were analysed.
The best antimicrobial activity has been displayed by the LMM mushroom extract with a bacteriostatic effect. At the MIC of both extracts DNA synthesis was the main macromolecular synthesis inhibited, RNA synthesis was less inhibited than that of DNA and protein synthesis was inhibited only by roughly 50%. The partial inhibition of protein synthesis is compatible with the observed significant increase in cell mass. The increase in these parameters is linked to the morphological alteration with transition from cocci of the untreated control to elongated cells. Interestingly, these modifications were also observed at sub-MIC concentrations. Finally, membrane and cytosol proteome analysis was conducted under LMM mushroom extract treatment in comparison with untreated S. mutans cells. Significant changes were observed for 31 membrane proteins and 20 of the cytosol fractions. The possible role of the changed proteins is discussed.
This report has shown an antibiotic-like mode of action of mushroom and chicory extracts as demonstrated by induced morphogenetic effects and inhibition of specific macromolecular synthesis. This feature as well as the safe use of this extract as result of its natural origin render the LMM both mushroom and chicory extracts suitable for the formulation into products for daily oral hygiene such as mouthwashes or toothpastes.
龋齿是一种传染病，是由于牙菌斑（一种微生物生物膜）的积累导致牙釉质和牙本质的酸性脱矿化引起的。研究表明，一些食物含有一些具有抗菌和抗菌斑活性的成分。以前的研究表明，从可食用蘑菇（香菇）或意大利红菊苣（菊苣）中提取的低分子量（LMM）部分具有抗菌和抗菌斑活性。
我们评估了这些部分对变形链球菌（人类龋齿的病因）的抗菌作用机制。分析了形状、大分子合成和细胞蛋白质组的影响。
LMM 蘑菇提取物具有抑菌作用，表现出最佳的抗菌活性。在两种提取物的 MIC 下，DNA 合成是主要受抑制的大分子合成，RNA 合成比 DNA 受抑制程度较小，而蛋白质合成仅受抑制约 50%。蛋白质合成的部分抑制与观察到的细胞质量显著增加是一致的。这些参数的增加与从未经处理的对照球菌到伸长细胞的形态改变有关。有趣的是，这些变化在亚 MIC 浓度下也观察到。最后，在 LMM 蘑菇提取物处理下进行了细胞膜和细胞质蛋白质组分析，与未经处理的 S. mutans 细胞进行了比较。在未经处理的 S. mutans 细胞中观察到 31 种膜蛋白和 20 种细胞质部分发生了显著变化。讨论了改变蛋白的可能作用。
本报告显示蘑菇和菊苣提取物具有抗生素样作用机制，表现为诱导形态发生效应和抑制特定大分子合成。这种特性以及由于其天然来源而安全使用这种提取物，使 LMM 蘑菇和菊苣提取物均适合制成日常口腔卫生产品，如漱口液或牙膏。
