Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1, Nukuikita, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan.
Res Dev Disabil. 2013 Aug;34(8):2391-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.04.019. Epub 2013 May 25.
This study examined prepotent response inhibition among 376 children and young adults divided into five age groups: 23 5-6-year-olds, 80 7-8-year-olds, 72 9-10-year-olds, 98 11-12-year-olds, and 70 young adults (19-24-year-olds). The Stroop/reverse-Stroop test was administered with a manual response. This test measured Stroop interference, which occurred when naming the ink color of the incongruent color word stimuli (for instance the word red printed in blue ink), and the reverse-Stroop interference, which occurred when reading the stimuli. This study also examined the relation between performance on the Stroop/reverse-Stroop test and scores on the ADHD Rating Scale-IV. Results indicated that the Stroop interference decreased with age, whereas the reverse-Stroop interference increased with age. Results also showed that all three scores in the ADHD Rating Scale-IV, two subscale scores of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms and a total score, correlated with the Stroop interference, but not with the reverse-Stroop interference in typically developing children. These results indicated the difference in mechanism between the Stroop interference and the reverse-Stoop interference, and suggested that the Stroop interference is strongly correlated with ADHD symptoms in typically developing children.
本研究考察了 376 名儿童和年轻人的优势反应抑制，这些参与者被分为五个年龄组：23 名 5-6 岁儿童、80 名 7-8 岁儿童、72 名 9-10 岁儿童、98 名 11-12 岁儿童和 70 名年轻成年人（19-24 岁）。采用手动反应进行 Stroop/逆向 Stroop 测试。该测试测量了 Stroop 干扰，即当命名不一致颜色的词刺激（例如，蓝色墨水中的红色单词）的墨迹颜色时发生的干扰，以及逆向 Stroop 干扰，即当阅读刺激时发生的干扰。本研究还考察了 Stroop/reverse-Stroop 测试表现与 ADHD 评定量表-IV 分数之间的关系。结果表明，Stroop 干扰随年龄的增长而降低，而逆向 Stroop 干扰随年龄的增长而增加。结果还表明，ADHD 评定量表-IV 的三个分数、注意力不集中和多动冲动症状的两个分量表分数以及总分数均与 Stroop 干扰相关，但与典型发育儿童的逆向 Stroop 干扰无关。这些结果表明了 Stroop 干扰和逆向 Stroop 干扰之间的机制差异，并表明在典型发育儿童中，Stroop 干扰与 ADHD 症状高度相关。
