Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
Neural Plast. 2017;2017:2631909. doi: 10.1155/2017/2631909. Epub 2017 Sep 25.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a single bout of exercise on neurocognitive function in preadolescent children and young adults by determining the modulatory role of age and the neuroelectrical mechanism(s) underlying the association between acute exercise and executive function. Twenty preadolescents and 20 young adults completed the Stroop test, and neuroelectrical activity was recorded during two treatment sessions performed in a counterbalanced order. Exercise treatments involved moderate intensity aerobic exercise for 20 min as the main exercise and two 5 min periods of warm-up and cool-down. The control treatment participants read for a similar duration of time. Acute exercise improved participant reaction times on the Stroop test, regardless of Stroop congruency, and greater beneficial effects were observed in young adults compared to those in preadolescents. The P3 amplitudes increased after acute exercise in preadolescents and young adults, but acute exercise induced lower conflict sustained potential (conflict SP) amplitudes in preadolescent children. Based on these findings, age influences the beneficial effect of acute exercise on cognitive performance in general. Furthermore, the event-related brain potential differences attributed to acute exercise provide a potential clue to the mechanisms that differentiate the effects of acute exercise on individuals from preadolescence to young adulthood.
这项研究的目的是通过确定年龄的调节作用以及急性运动与执行功能之间关联的神经电机制，来检验单次运动对青春期前儿童和年轻成年人神经认知功能的影响。20 名青春期前儿童和 20 名年轻成年人完成了 Stroop 测试，在以中等强度有氧运动 20 分钟作为主要运动的两个治疗疗程中，记录了神经电活动，这两个疗程以平衡的方式进行。对照组参与者阅读了相似时长的内容。急性运动改善了参与者在 Stroop 测试中的反应时间，而不论 Stroop 一致程度如何，并且在年轻成年人中观察到的有益效果大于在青春期前儿童中观察到的有益效果。急性运动后，青春期前儿童和年轻成年人的 P3 振幅增加，但急性运动降低了青春期前儿童的冲突持续电位（冲突 SP）振幅。基于这些发现，年龄影响急性运动对认知表现的有益影响。此外，与急性运动相关的事件相关脑电位差异为区分急性运动对青春期前儿童和年轻成年人的影响的机制提供了一个潜在线索。
