Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Adv Physiol Educ. 2013 Jun;37(2):134-52. doi: 10.1152/advan.00078.2011.
A number of professions rely on exercise prescription to improve health or athletic performance, including coaching, fitness/personal training, rehabilitation, and exercise physiology. It is therefore advisable that the professionals involved learn the various tools available for designing effective training programs. Mathematical modeling of athletic training and performance, which we henceforth call "performance modeling," is one such tool. Two models, the critical power (CP) model and the Banister impulse-response (IR) model, offer complementary information. The CP model describes the relationship between work rates and the durations for which an individual can sustain them during constant-work-rate or intermittent exercise. The IR model describes the dynamics by which an individual's performance capacity changes over time as a function of training. Both models elegantly abstract the underlying physiology, and both can accurately fit performance data, such that educating exercise practitioners in the science of performance modeling offers both pedagogical and practical benefits. In addition, performance modeling offers an avenue for introducing mathematical modeling skills to exercise physiology researchers. A principal limitation to the adoption of performance modeling is a lack of education. The goal of this report is therefore to encourage educators of exercise physiology practitioners and researchers to incorporate the science of performance modeling in their curricula and to serve as a resource to support this effort. The resources include a comprehensive review of the concepts associated with the development and use of the models, software to enable hands-on computer exercises, and strategies for teaching the models to different audiences.
许多职业依赖运动处方来改善健康或运动表现，包括教练、健身/个人培训、康复和运动生理学。因此，建议相关专业人员学习各种设计有效训练计划的工具。运动训练和表现的数学建模，我们称之为“表现建模”，就是这样一种工具。两个模型，即关键功率 (CP) 模型和班尼斯特脉冲响应 (IR) 模型，提供了互补的信息。CP 模型描述了在恒定工作率或间歇性运动期间，个体可以维持的工作率和持续时间之间的关系。IR 模型描述了个体的表现能力随时间变化的动态，作为训练的函数。这两个模型都优雅地抽象了潜在的生理学，并且都可以准确地拟合表现数据，因此，向运动生理学从业者教授表现建模科学既具有教学上的好处，也具有实际的好处。此外，表现建模为运动生理学研究人员引入数学建模技能提供了一个途径。采用表现建模的主要限制是缺乏教育。因此，本报告的目的是鼓励运动生理学从业者和研究人员的教育者将表现建模科学纳入他们的课程，并作为支持这一努力的资源。这些资源包括对模型开发和使用相关概念的全面回顾、用于进行实际计算机练习的软件，以及针对不同受众教授模型的策略。
