Jeffries Annie C, Marcora Samuele M, Coutts Aaron J, Wallace Lee, McCall Alan, Impellizzeri Franco M
Faculty of Health, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
Sports Med. 2022 Apr;52(4):709-724. doi: 10.1007/s40279-021-01551-5. Epub 2021 Sep 14.
A conceptual framework has a central role in the scientific process. Its purpose is to synthesize evidence, assist in understanding phenomena, inform future research and act as a reference operational guide in practical settings. We propose an updated conceptual framework intended to facilitate the validation and interpretation of physical training measures. This revised conceptual framework was constructed through a process of qualitative analysis involving a synthesis of the literature, analysis and integration with existing frameworks (Banister and PerPot models). We identified, expanded, and integrated four constructs that are important in the conceptualization of the process and outcomes of physical training. These are: (1) formal introduction of a new measurable component 'training effects', a higher-order construct resulting from the combined effect of four possible responses (acute and chronic, positive and negative); (2) explanation, clarification and examples of training effect measures such as performance, physiological, subjective and other measures (cognitive, biomechanical, etc.); (3) integration of the sport performance outcome continuum (from performance improvements to overtraining); (4) extension and definition of the network of linkages (uni and bidirectional) between individual and contextual factors and other constructs. Additionally, we provided constitutive and operational definitions, and examples of theoretical and practical applications of the framework. These include validation and conceptualization of constructs (e.g., performance readiness), and understanding of higher-order constructs, such as training tolerance, when monitoring training to adapt it to individual responses and effects. This proposed conceptual framework provides an overarching model that may help understand and guide the development, validation, implementation and interpretation of measures used for athlete monitoring.
概念框架在科学过程中起着核心作用。其目的是综合证据，帮助理解现象，为未来研究提供信息，并在实际环境中充当参考操作指南。我们提出了一个更新的概念框架，旨在促进体育训练措施的验证和解释。这个修订后的概念框架是通过一个定性分析过程构建的，该过程包括文献综合、与现有框架（班尼斯特模型和佩罗特模型）的分析与整合。我们确定、扩展并整合了四个在体育训练过程和结果概念化中很重要的结构。它们是：（1）正式引入一个新的可测量成分“训练效果”，这是一个由四种可能反应（急性和慢性、积极和消极）的综合作用产生的高阶结构；（2）对训练效果测量的解释、澄清和示例，如表现、生理、主观和其他测量（认知、生物力学等）；（3）运动表现结果连续体的整合（从表现提高到过度训练）；（4）个体和情境因素与其他结构之间联系网络（单向和双向）的扩展和定义。此外，我们提供了构成性定义和操作性定义，以及该框架理论和实际应用的示例。这些包括结构的验证和概念化（如表现准备度），以及在监测训练以使其适应个体反应和效果时对高阶结构的理解，如训练耐受性。这个提议的概念框架提供了一个总体模型，可能有助于理解和指导用于运动员监测的措施的开发、验证、实施和解释。
