Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina-Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea n1 1, Pamplona, Navarra, E-31008, Spain.
J Nutr Health Aging. 2013;17(6):544-52. doi: 10.1007/s12603-013-0027-6.
To assess the effect on cognition of a controlled intervention testing Mediterranean diets (MedDiet).
Randomized trial after 6.5 years of nutritional intervention.
Eight primary care centers affiliated to the University of Navarra.
A random subsample of 285 participants (95 randomly allocated to each of 3 groups) of the PREDIMED-NAVARRA trial. All of them were at high vascular risk (44.8% men, 74.1±5.7 years at cognitive evaluation).
Nutritional intervention comparing two MedDiets (supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil [EVOO] or mixed nuts) versus a low-fat control diet. Participants received intensive education to increase adherence to the intended intervention. Participants allocated to the MedDiet groups received EVOO (1 l/week) or 30 g/day of mixed nuts. Dietary habits were evaluated using a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Additionally, adherence to MedDiet was appraised using a 14-item questionnaire both at baseline and yearly thereafter.
Cognitive performance as a main outcome and cognitive status (normal, mild cognitive impairment [MCI] or dementia) as a secondary outcome were evaluated by two neurologists blinded to group assignment after 6.5 years of nutritional intervention.
Better post-trial cognitive performance versus control in all cognitive domains and significantly better performance across fluency and memory tasks were observed for participants allocated to the MedDiet+EVOO group. After adjustment for sex, age, education, apolipoprotein E genotype, family history of cognitive impairment/dementia, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, alcohol and total energy intake, this group also showed lower MCI (OR=0.34 95% CI: 0.12-0.97) compared with control group. Participants assigned to MedDiet+Nuts group did not differ from controls.
A long-term intervention with an EVOO-rich MedDiet resulted in a better cognitive function in comparison with a control diet. However, non-significant differences were found for most cognitive domains. Participants allocated to an EVOO-rich MedDiet had less MCI than controls.
评估控制干预地中海饮食（MedDiet）对认知的影响。
经过 6.5 年营养干预的随机试验。
隶属于纳瓦拉大学的 8 个初级保健中心。
PREDIMED-NAVARRA 试验的 285 名参与者的随机子样本（每组 95 名，随机分配到 3 组）。他们都处于高血管风险中（44.8%的男性，认知评估时的年龄为 74.1±5.7 岁）。
比较两种 MedDiet（补充特级初榨橄榄油[EVOO]或混合坚果）与低脂对照饮食的营养干预。参与者接受了强化教育，以增加对预期干预的依从性。分配到 MedDiet 组的参与者每周接受 1 升 EVOO 或每天 30 克混合坚果。使用经过验证的 137 项食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估饮食习惯。此外，在基线和之后的每年都使用 14 项问卷评估对 MedDiet 的依从性。
认知表现作为主要结果，认知状态（正常、轻度认知障碍[MCI]或痴呆）作为次要结果，由两位对分组不知情的神经病学家在 6.5 年营养干预后进行评估。
与对照组相比，分配到 MedDiet+EVOO 组的所有认知领域的试验后认知表现更好，在流畅性和记忆任务方面的表现也明显更好。在校正性别、年龄、教育程度、载脂蛋白 E 基因型、认知障碍/痴呆家族史、吸烟、身体活动、体重指数、高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、酒精和总能量摄入后，该组的 MCI 也较低（OR=0.34，95%CI：0.12-0.97）与对照组相比。分配到 MedDiet+Nuts 组的参与者与对照组没有差异。
与对照饮食相比，富含 EVOO 的 MedDiet 的长期干预可改善认知功能。然而，大多数认知领域没有发现显著差异。分配到富含 EVOO 的 MedDiet 的参与者的 MCI 少于对照组。
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