为自主式脑刺激制定政策面临的挑战。
The challenge of crafting policy for do-it-yourself brain stimulation.
作者信息
Fitz Nicholas S, Reiner Peter B
机构信息
National Core for Neuroethics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
出版信息
J Med Ethics. 2015 May;41(5):410-2. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2013-101458. Epub 2013 Jun 3.
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a simple means of brain stimulation, possesses a trifecta of appealing features: it is relatively safe, relatively inexpensive and relatively effective. It is also relatively easy to obtain a device and the do-it-yourself (DIY) community has become galvanised by reports that tDCS can be used as an all-purpose cognitive enhancer. We provide practical recommendations designed to guide balanced discourse, propagate norms of safe use and stimulate dialogue between the DIY community and regulatory authorities. We call on all stakeholders-regulators, scientists and the DIY community-to share in crafting policy proposals that ensure public safety while supporting DIY innovation.
摘要
经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）是一种简单的脑刺激手段，具有三个吸引人的特点：相对安全、相对便宜且相对有效。获取该设备也相对容易，而且有报道称tDCS可用作通用的认知增强剂，这使得自己动手制作（DIY）群体受到了激励。我们提供了实用建议，旨在引导进行平衡的讨论，宣传安全使用规范，并促进DIY群体与监管机构之间的对话。我们呼吁所有利益相关者——监管机构、科学家和DIY群体——共同参与制定政策提案，以确保公众安全，同时支持DIY创新。
相似文献
1
The challenge of crafting policy for do-it-yourself brain stimulation.为自主式脑刺激制定政策面临的挑战。
J Med Ethics. 2015 May;41(5):410-2. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2013-101458. Epub 2013 Jun 3.
2
Do-it-yourself brain stimulation: a regulatory model.自助式脑刺激：一种调节模型。
J Med Ethics. 2015 May;41(5):413-4. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2013-101692. Epub 2013 Jul 30.
3
The practices of do-it-yourself brain stimulation: implications for ethical considerations and regulatory proposals.自行脑部刺激的实践：对伦理考量和监管建议的影响。
J Med Ethics. 2016 Apr;42(4):211-5. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2015-102704. Epub 2015 Aug 31.
4
Early adopters of the magical thinking cap: a study on do-it-yourself (DIY) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) user community.神奇思维帽的早期采用者：一项关于自助经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）用户群体的研究。
J Law Biosci. 2015 Jun 2;2(2):292-335. doi: 10.1093/jlb/lsv017. eCollection 2015 Jul.
5
[Transcranial direct current stimulation and related techniques in treatment of psychiatric disorders].经颅直流电刺激及相关技术在精神疾病治疗中的应用
Psychiatr Pol. 2010 Jul-Aug;44(4):505-18.
6
Transcranial and deep brain stimulation approaches as treatment for depression.经颅刺激和深部脑刺激方法作为抑郁症的治疗手段。
Clin EEG Neurosci. 2007 Apr;38(2):105-15. doi: 10.1177/155005940703800213.
7
Ethics of the electrified mind: defining issues and perspectives on the principled use of brain stimulation in medical research and clinical care.脑电刺激的伦理：在医学研究和临床护理中使用脑刺激的原则性问题和观点的定义。
Brain Topogr. 2014 Jan;27(1):33-45. doi: 10.1007/s10548-013-0296-8. Epub 2013 Jun 4.
8
Recurrent themes in the history of the home use of electrical stimulation: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and the medical battery (1870-1920).家用经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）和医疗电池的历史上反复出现的主题：（1870-1920 年）。
Brain Stimul. 2017 Mar-Apr;10(2):187-195. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.11.081. Epub 2016 Nov 29.
9
The Social Context of "Do-It-Yourself" Brain Stimulation: Neurohackers, Biohackers, and Lifehackers.“自己动手”进行脑部刺激的社会背景：神经黑客、生物黑客和生活黑客。
Front Hum Neurosci. 2017 May 10;11:224. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00224. eCollection 2017.
引用本文的文献
1
The Evolution of Do-It-Yourself Brain Hacking: From Fringe to Frontier.自制大脑黑客技术的演变：从边缘走向前沿
Cureus. 2025 Jun 4;17(6):e85330. doi: 10.7759/cureus.85330. eCollection 2025 Jun.
2
Inconsistencies in mapping current distribution in transcranial direct current stimulation.经颅直流电刺激中电流分布映射的不一致性。
Front Neuroimaging. 2023 Jan 16;1:1069500. doi: 10.3389/fnimg.2022.1069500. eCollection 2022.
3
Recommendations for Responsible Development and Application of Neurotechnologies.神经技术负责任开发与应用的建议。
Neuroethics. 2021;14(3):365-386. doi: 10.1007/s12152-021-09468-6. Epub 2021 Apr 29.
4
The Two-Fold Ethical Challenge in the Use of Neural Electrical Modulation.神经电调制应用中的双重伦理挑战
Front Neurosci. 2019 Jun 28;13:678. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00678. eCollection 2019.
5
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Use in Warfighting: Benefits, Risks, and Future Prospects.经颅直流电刺激在作战中的应用：益处、风险及未来前景
Front Hum Neurosci. 2019 Apr 18;13:114. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00114. eCollection 2019.
6
Non-linear effects of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the primary motor cortex on implicit motor learning.初级运动皮层阴极经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）对内隐运动学习的非线性效应
Exp Brain Res. 2019 Apr;237(4):919-925. doi: 10.1007/s00221-019-05477-3. Epub 2019 Jan 19.
7
Moral attitudes and willingness to enhance and repair cognition with brain stimulation.道德态度与利用脑刺激增强和修复认知的意愿。
Brain Stimul. 2019 Jan-Feb;12(1):44-53. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.09.014. Epub 2018 Sep 26.
8
The Illusion of the Perfect Brain Enhancer.完美大脑增强剂的幻想
Cerebrum. 2017 Sep 1;2017. eCollection 2017 Sep-Oct.
9
Technological Approaches for Neurorehabilitation: From Robotic Devices to Brain Stimulation and Beyond.神经康复的技术方法：从机器人设备到脑刺激及其他
Front Neurol. 2018 Apr 9;9:212. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00212. eCollection 2018.
10
Transcranial random noise stimulation and cognitive training to improve learning and cognition of the atypically developing brain: A pilot study.经颅随机噪声刺激与认知训练改善非典型发育大脑的学习与认知：一项初步研究。
Sci Rep. 2017 Jul 5;7(1):4633. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04649-x.
本文引用的文献
1
The mental cost of cognitive enhancement.认知增强的心理代价。
J Neurosci. 2013 Mar 6;33(10):4482-6. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4927-12.2013.
2
Interactions between transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and pharmacological interventions in the Major Depressive Episode: findings from a naturalistic study.经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）与药物干预在重度抑郁发作中的相互作用：一项自然研究的结果。
Eur Psychiatry. 2013 Aug;28(6):356-61. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.09.001. Epub 2012 Nov 23.
3
Clinical applications of noninvasive electrical stimulation: problems and potential.非侵入性电刺激的临床应用：问题与潜力。
Clin EEG Neurosci. 2012 Jul;43(3):209-14. doi: 10.1177/1550059412444973. Epub 2012 Apr 29.
4
The neuroethics of non-invasive brain stimulation.非侵入性脑刺激的神经伦理学。
Curr Biol. 2012 Feb 21;22(4):R108-11. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.01.013.
5
Transcranial direct current stimulation--update 2011.经颅直流电刺激——2011 年更新
Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2011;29(6):463-92. doi: 10.3233/RNN-2011-0618.
6
Short duration transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates verbal memory.短时间经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）调节言语记忆。
Brain Stimul. 2012 Oct;5(4):468-74. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2011.08.003. Epub 2011 Aug 25.
7
Rethinking the thinking cap: ethics of neural enhancement using noninvasive brain stimulation.重新思考思维帽：使用非侵入性脑刺激进行神经增强的伦理问题。
Neurology. 2011 Jan 11;76(2):187-93. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318205d50d.
8
Modulating neuronal activity produces specific and long-lasting changes in numerical competence.调节神经元活动会产生特定且持久的数值能力变化。
Curr Biol. 2010 Nov 23;20(22):2016-20. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2010.10.007. Epub 2010 Nov 4.
9
Modulation of risk-taking in marijuana users by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）对背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）调节大麻使用者的冒险行为。
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010 Dec 1;112(3):220-5. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.06.019. Epub 2010 Aug 21.
10
Electrified minds: transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) as methods of non-invasive brain stimulation in neuropsychology--a review of current data and future implications.电刺激大脑：经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）和电前庭刺激（GVS）作为神经心理学中非侵入性脑刺激的方法——当前数据和未来影响的综述。
Neuropsychologia. 2010 Aug;48(10):2789-810. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.06.002. Epub 2010 Jun 11.
Zotero 插件