Alavosius M P, Sulzer-Azaroff B
University of Massachusetts-Amherst.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1990 Summer;23(2):151-62. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-151.
Two schedules of feedback were examined to determine their relative effects on the acquisition and maintenance of three health-care routines: feeding, positioning, and transferring physically disabled patients. Four direct service providers' performances in the natural environment were measured weekly. Concurrent schedules and multiple baselines across subjects and response classes were used to evaluate the effects of written instructions combined with either continuous, intermittent, or nofeedback schedules. Results showed that instructions alone led to slight and usually brief changes. Marked improvements were noted after feedback was introduced, with the continuous schedule producing more rapid acquisition. Follow-up measures indicated performance maintenance for both schedules. Subjects rated the feedback programs favorably and recommended provision of this service to co-workers. Cost estimates indicated that, although considerable time was spent developing the observational system, the feedback procedure was relatively inexpensive, easy to use, and did not interfere with patient care.
研究了两种反馈方案，以确定它们对三种医疗保健常规操作（即喂养、安置以及帮助身体残疾患者转移）的习得和维持的相对影响。每周测量四名直接服务提供者在自然环境中的表现。采用同时进行的方案以及跨受试者和反应类别的多重基线，来评估书面指导结合持续反馈、间歇反馈或无反馈方案的效果。结果表明，仅靠指导只会带来轻微且通常短暂的变化。引入反馈后有明显改善，持续反馈方案能实现更快的习得。后续测量表明两种方案的表现都得以维持。受试者对反馈方案评价良好，并建议向同事提供这项服务。成本估计表明，尽管开发观测系统花费了大量时间，但反馈程序相对便宜、易于使用，且不会干扰患者护理。
