Department of Anthropology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Dev Dyn. 2013 Aug;242(8):909-22. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.23992. Epub 2013 Jun 27.
Angiogenesis is likely critical for the process of intramembranous osteogenesis; however, the developmental relationship between blood vessels and bone mineralization is not well studied within intramembranous bones. Given its importance, changes in angiogenesis regulation are likely to contribute to evolutionarily and medically relevant craniofacial variation.
We summarize what is known about the association between angiogenesis and intramembranous osteogenesis, supplementing with information from the better-studied processes of endochondral ossification and distraction osteogenesis. Based on this review, we introduce a model of angiogenesis during early intramembranous osteogenesis as well as a series of null hypotheses to be tested.
This model can serve as a basis of future research on the spatio-temporal association and regulatory interactions of mesenchymal, vascular, and bone cells, which will be required to illuminate the potential effects of angiogenesis dysregulation on craniofacial skeletal phenotypes.
血管生成对于膜内成骨过程很关键；然而，在膜内骨中，血管与骨矿化之间的发育关系还没有得到很好的研究。鉴于其重要性，血管生成调节的变化可能与进化和医学相关的颅面变异有关。
我们总结了已知的血管生成与膜内成骨之间的关系，并补充了更好研究的软骨内骨化和牵引成骨过程的信息。基于这篇综述，我们提出了一个早期膜内成骨过程中血管生成的模型，以及一系列有待验证的零假设。
该模型可以作为未来研究间充质细胞、血管细胞和骨细胞时空关联和调控相互作用的基础，这将有助于阐明血管生成失调对颅面骨骼表型的潜在影响。
