Institute for Mummies and the Iceman, EURAC research, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2013 Oct;70(19):3709-22. doi: 10.1007/s00018-013-1360-y. Epub 2013 Jun 6.
The Tyrolean Iceman, a Copper-age ice mummy, is one of the best-studied human individuals. While the genome of the Iceman has largely been decoded, tissue-specific proteomes have not yet been investigated. We studied the proteome of two distinct brain samples using gel-based and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based proteomics technologies together with a multiple-databases and -search algorithms-driven data-analysis approach. Thereby, we identified a total of 502 different proteins. Of these, 41 proteins are known to be highly abundant in brain tissue and 9 are even specifically expressed in the brain. Furthermore, we found 10 proteins related to blood and coagulation. An enrichment analysis revealed a significant accumulation of proteins related to stress response and wound healing. Together with atomic force microscope scans, indicating clustered blood cells, our data reopens former discussions about a possible injury of the Iceman's head near the site where the tissue samples have been extracted.
蒂罗尔冰人，一个铜器时代的冰木乃伊，是研究得最好的人类个体之一。虽然冰人的基因组已经基本被解码，但组织特异性蛋白质组尚未被研究过。我们使用基于凝胶和液相色谱-质谱的蛋白质组学技术以及多数据库和搜索算法驱动的数据分析方法研究了两个不同的脑组织样本的蛋白质组。通过这种方式，我们总共鉴定了 502 种不同的蛋白质。其中，41 种蛋白质已知在脑组织中高度丰富，9 种甚至在大脑中特异性表达。此外，我们还发现了 10 种与血液和凝血相关的蛋白质。富集分析显示，与应激反应和伤口愈合相关的蛋白质显著积累。结合原子力显微镜扫描，表明聚集的血细胞，我们的数据重新引发了关于冰人头部在提取组织样本的部位附近可能受伤的讨论。
