Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S. First Ave, Bldg 54, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA,
Curr Urol Rep. 2013 Dec;14(6):549-56. doi: 10.1007/s11934-013-0347-4.
Office management of stone disease is an important component of a urologist's practice. Evaluation should include analysis of stone composition, 24-hour urine studies, identification of modifiable risk factors, and targeted dietary, lifestyle, and/or medical therapy. A sizeable portion of investigated etiologies and risk factors for stone disease have centered on the complex interplay between obesity, diabetes, and other disease states that comprise the metabolic syndrome. Alternatives to traditional preventive therapy, such as probiotics and various fruit juices, are still being studied but may prove useful adjuncts to traditional preventive therapy, where the mainstays remain increased fluid intake, dietary modification, and pharmacologic therapy. Future studies on preventive therapy of urolithiasis are likely to focus on strategies to increase compliance, cost-effectiveness, and systems-based implementation.
结石病的门诊管理是泌尿科医生诊疗实践的重要组成部分。评估应包括结石成分分析、24 小时尿液研究、可改变的危险因素识别以及有针对性的饮食、生活方式和/或药物治疗。结石病的病因和危险因素的大部分研究集中在肥胖、糖尿病和其他代谢综合征组成的疾病状态之间的复杂相互作用上。传统预防治疗的替代方法，如益生菌和各种果汁，仍在研究中，但可能对传统预防治疗有用，传统预防治疗的主要方法仍然是增加液体摄入、饮食调整和药物治疗。未来关于尿石症预防治疗的研究可能集中在提高依从性、成本效益和基于系统的实施策略上。
