Ayaz Ayşe Burcu, Ayaz Muhammed, Yazgan Yankı
Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sakarya, Turkey.
Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2013 Summer;24(2):101-10.
Social interactions in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are inappropriate and such social problems may originate from a failure to attend to the appropriate cues of affect. The present study aimed to determine the factors predictive of social reciprocity in ADHD and their relationship to sociodemographics.
Participants were required to interpret emotional cues depicted in pictures of facial expressions with a test that was adopted from the Reading Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). Diagnoses were established based on the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-PL). Moreover, a detailed sociodemographic form, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the Social Reciprocity Scale (SRS) were used for assessment.
This study included 133 children; 64 in the ADHD group and 69 in the control group. There wasn't a significant difference in mean age between the ADHD group (13.22 ± 1.28 years) and control group (12.97 ± 1.27 years). In all, 50% of the ADHD group and 49.3% of the control group were male. The mean RMET score was significantly lower in the ADHD group than in the control group (ADHD group: 20.52 ± 3.95; control group: 23.70 ± 3.55) and the mean SRS score was significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the control group (ADHD group: 65.84 ± 18.83; control group: 36.04 ± 16.32). In the ADHD group attention problems and lower level of ability to interpret emotional facial expressions were predictive of impaired social reciprocity.
The findings show that both the ability to decode facial expressions and social reciprocity were impaired in the ADHD group. These findings highlight the difficulty children with ADHD have with social functioning and interpretation of emotions based on facial expressions.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童的社交互动存在不适当的情况，此类社交问题可能源于无法关注到恰当的情感线索。本研究旨在确定ADHD中社交互惠性的预测因素及其与社会人口统计学的关系。
参与者需通过一项从《从眼神读懂心思测试》（RMET）改编而来的测试来解读面部表情图片中描绘的情感线索。诊断依据《儿童情感障碍和精神分裂症量表》（K-SADS-PL）确定。此外，还使用了一份详细的社会人口统计学表格、《儿童行为清单》（CBCL）和《社交互惠量表》（SRS）进行评估。
本研究纳入了133名儿童；ADHD组64名，对照组69名。ADHD组（13.22±1.28岁）和对照组（12.97±1.27岁）的平均年龄无显著差异。总体而言，ADHD组50%为男性，对照组49.3%为男性。ADHD组的平均RMET得分显著低于对照组（ADHD组：20.52±3.95；对照组：23.70±3.55），而ADHD组的平均SRS得分显著高于对照组（ADHD组：65.84±18.83；对照组：36.04±16.32）。在ADHD组中，注意力问题和较低的解读面部表情情感的能力可预测社交互惠性受损。
研究结果表明，ADHD组在解码面部表情的能力和社交互惠性方面均受损。这些发现凸显了ADHD儿童在社交功能以及基于面部表情解读情感方面存在的困难。
