Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
BMC Cancer. 2013 Jun 11;13:282. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-282.
Associations between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and colorectal cancer have been reported previously but few studies have characterized PAH exposure using biological measurements. We evaluated colorectal cancer risk in relation to urinary concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide (1-OHPG), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolite, and assessed determinants of PAH exposure among controls in the Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS).
Concentrations of 1-OHPG were measured in spot urine samples collected from 343 colorectal cancer cases and 343 individually matched controls. Questionnaires were administered to collect information on demographic characteristics and reported exposures. Odds ratios were calculated for risk of colorectal cancer in relation to quartiles of urinary 1-OHPG concentration. Potential determinants of natural log-transformed urinary 1-OHPG concentration were evaluated among a combined sample of controls from this study and another nested case-control study in the SWHS (N(total)=652).
No statistically significant differences in risk of colorectal cancer by urinary 1-OHPG levels were observed. Among controls, the median (interquartile range) urinary 1-OHPG concentration was 2.01 pmol/mL (0.95-4.09). Active and passive smoking, using coal as a cooking fuel, eating foods that were cooked well done, and recent consumption of fried dough (e.g., yóutiáo) were associated with elevated levels of 1-OHPG, though only active smoking and fried dough consumption achieved statistical significance in multivariate analyses.
This study does not provide evidence of an association between urinary levels of 1-OHPG and risk of colorectal cancer among women. Several environmental and dietary sources of PAH exposure were identified. Overall, the levels of 1-OHPG in this population of predominantly non-smoking women were considerably higher than levels typically observed among non-smokers in Europe, North America, and other developed regions.
先前已有研究报告表明多环芳烃（PAHs）与结直肠癌之间存在关联，但很少有研究使用生物测量来描述 PAH 暴露情况。我们评估了与尿中 1-羟基芘葡萄糖苷（1-OHPG）浓度相关的结直肠癌风险，1-OHPG 是一种多环芳烃（PAH）代谢物，并评估了上海妇女健康研究（SWHS）中对照组的 PAH 暴露决定因素。
从 343 例结直肠癌病例和 343 例个体匹配对照中采集了尿样，测定 1-OHPG 浓度。通过问卷调查收集了人口统计学特征和报告暴露情况的信息。根据尿 1-OHPG 浓度四分位数计算结直肠癌风险的比值比。在本研究的对照组和 SWHS 中另一个嵌套病例对照研究（N（总）=652）的合并样本中，评估了自然对数转换尿 1-OHPG 浓度的潜在决定因素。
未观察到尿 1-OHPG 水平与结直肠癌风险之间存在统计学显著差异。在对照组中，尿 1-OHPG 浓度的中位数（四分位距）为 2.01 pmol/mL（0.95-4.09）。主动和被动吸烟、使用煤作为烹饪燃料、食用煮得熟透的食物以及最近食用油炸面团（如油条）与 1-OHPG 水平升高有关，但仅主动吸烟和油炸面团消费在多变量分析中达到统计学显著水平。
本研究未提供尿 1-OHPG 水平与女性结直肠癌风险之间关联的证据。确定了几种 PAH 暴露的环境和饮食来源。总体而言，该人群中主要为不吸烟女性的 1-OHPG 水平远高于欧洲、北美和其他发达地区非吸烟人群的水平。
