Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Occup Environ Med. 2013 Oct;70(10):688-96. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101385. Epub 2013 Jun 12.
To investigate short- and long-term effects of major organisational change on minor psychiatric disorder and self-rated health for women and men in different employment grades.
Minor psychiatric disorder and self-rated health among 6710 British civil servants (1993 women and 4717 men) in three employment grades from the Whitehall II study were examined from 1985 to 1988 under stable employment conditions. The short-term effects of organisational change were investigated in 1991-1993 after a time of major restructuring aiming at increasing the influence of market forces in the civil service and the long-term effects were investigated in 1997-1999.
Those who had experienced organisational change and those who anticipated organisational change reported more negative short-term health effects (minor psychiatric disorder and poor self-rated health) compared with those who reported no change. No major differences were found depending on employment grade or gender. The negative health effects had diminished during 1997-1999 for those who reported that a major change had happened before 1991-1993. Those who anticipated an organisational change in 1991-1993 still reported more ill-health in 1997-1999 (both minor psychiatric disorder and self-reported health) than those in the comparison group.
The results indicate that organisational change affects employees' health negatively in the short term but also that it is possible to recover from such negative effects. As it was not possible to discern any definite difference between the gender and grades, the results point at the importance of working proactively to implement organisational change for women and men at all levels.
探讨主要组织变革对不同职级女性和男性的轻度精神障碍和自我健康评估的短期和长期影响。
在稳定的就业环境下，从 1985 年至 1988 年，通过对来自惠特沃尔（Whitehall）II 研究的 6710 名英国公务员（女性 1993 名，男性 4717 名）的调查，研究了组织变革对轻度精神障碍和自我健康评估的短期影响。1991-1993 年，在一次旨在增加公务员体制中市场力量影响的重大重组之后，研究了组织变革的短期影响；1997-1999 年，研究了组织变革的长期影响。
与没有报告变革的人相比，经历过组织变革和预期组织变革的人报告了更负面的短期健康影响（轻度精神障碍和自我健康评估不佳）。未发现与就业等级或性别有关的重大差异。对于那些在 1991-1993 年报告发生重大变革的人来说，1997-1999 年期间，负面健康影响已经减轻。对于那些在 1991-1993 年预期组织变革的人来说，他们在 1997-1999 年期间仍报告了更多的健康问题（包括轻度精神障碍和自我报告的健康状况），比对照组更为严重。
结果表明，组织变革在短期内会对员工的健康产生负面影响，但也有可能从这种负面影响中恢复过来。由于无法区分性别和等级之间的任何明确差异，结果表明积极主动地实施组织变革对各级女性和男性都很重要。
