Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Adv Mater. 2013 Aug 27;25(32):4386-96. doi: 10.1002/adma.201300875. Epub 2013 Jun 13.
Self-assembled DNA nanostructures have emerged as a type of nano-biomaterials with precise structures, versatile functions and numerous applications. One particularly promising application of these DNA nanostructures is to develop universal nanocarriers for smart and targeted drug delivery. DNA is the genetic material in nature, and inherently biocompatible. Nevertheless, cell membranes are barely permeable to naked DNA molecules, either single- or double- stranded; transport across the cell membrane is only possible with the assistance of transfection agents. Interestingly, recent studies revealed that many DNA nanostructures could readily go into cells with high cell uptake efficiency. In this Progress Report, we will review recent advances on using various DNA nanostructures, e.g., DNA nanotubes, DNA tetrahedra, and DNA origami nanorobot, as drug delivery nanocarriers, and demonstrate several examples aiming at therapeutic applications with CpG-based immunostimulatory and siRNA-based gene silencing oligonucleotides.
自组装 DNA 纳米结构已成为一种具有精确结构、多功能和广泛应用的纳米生物材料。这些 DNA 纳米结构的一个特别有前途的应用是开发通用的纳米载体，用于智能和靶向药物输送。DNA 是自然界中的遗传物质，具有内在的生物相容性。然而，细胞膜对裸露的 DNA 分子几乎是不可渗透的，无论是单链还是双链；只有在转染剂的帮助下，才能穿过细胞膜进行运输。有趣的是，最近的研究表明，许多 DNA 纳米结构可以很容易地进入细胞，具有很高的细胞摄取效率。在本进展报告中，我们将回顾利用各种 DNA 纳米结构（例如 DNA 纳米管、DNA 四面体和 DNA 折纸纳米机器人）作为药物输送纳米载体的最新进展，并展示几个旨在实现基于 CpG 的免疫刺激和基于 siRNA 的基因沉默寡核苷酸的治疗应用的例子。
