Charoenphol P, Bermudez H
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
Acta Biomater. 2014 Apr;10(4):1683-91. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.07.021. Epub 2013 Jul 27.
The unique programmability of nucleic acids offers versatility and flexibility in the creation of self-assembled DNA nanostructures. To date, many three-dimensional DNA architectures of varying sizes and shapes have been precisely formed. Their biocompatibility, biodegradability and high intrinsic stability in physiological environments emphasize their emerging use as carriers for drug and gene delivery. Furthermore, DNA nanocarriers have been shown to enter cells efficiently and without the aid of transfection reagents. A key strength of DNA nanocarriers over other delivery systems is their modularity and their ability to control the spatial distribution of cargoes and ligands. Optimizing DNA nanocarrier properties to dictate their localization, uptake and intracellular trafficking is also possible. This review presents design considerations for DNA nanocarriers and examples of their use in the context of therapeutic delivery applications. The assembly of DNA nanocarriers and approaches for loading and releasing cargo are described. The stability and safety of DNA nanocarriers are also discussed, with particular attention to the in vivo physiological environment. Mechanisms of cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking are examined, and the paper concludes with strategies to enhance the delivery efficiency of DNA nanocarriers.
核酸独特的可编程性为自组装DNA纳米结构的构建提供了多功能性和灵活性。迄今为止，已经精确形成了许多不同大小和形状的三维DNA结构。它们在生理环境中的生物相容性、生物降解性和高度的内在稳定性突出了它们作为药物和基因递送载体的新兴用途。此外，DNA纳米载体已被证明能够在不借助转染试剂的情况下高效进入细胞。与其他递送系统相比，DNA纳米载体的一个关键优势在于其模块化以及控制货物和配体空间分布的能力。优化DNA纳米载体的性质以决定其定位、摄取和细胞内运输也是可行的。本综述介绍了DNA纳米载体的设计考量以及它们在治疗递送应用中的使用实例。描述了DNA纳米载体的组装以及装载和释放货物的方法。还讨论了DNA纳米载体的稳定性和安全性，特别关注体内生理环境。研究了细胞摄取和细胞内运输的机制，文章最后总结了提高DNA纳米载体递送效率的策略。
