Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2013 Aug;33(8):1753-8. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300128. Epub 2013 Jun 13.
Extracellular vesicles are membrane micro/nanovesicles secreted by many cell types into the circulation and the extracellular milieu in physiological and pathological conditions. Evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles, known as matrix vesicles, play a role in the mineralization of skeletal tissue, but emerging ultrastructural and in vitro studies have demonstrated their contribution to cardiovascular calcification as well. Cells involved in the progression of cardiovascular calcification release active vesicles capable of nucleating hydroxyapatite on their membranes. This review discusses the role of extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular calcification and elaborates on this additional mechanism of calcification as an alternative pathway to the currently accepted mechanism of biomineralization via osteogenic differentiation.
细胞外囊泡是许多细胞在生理和病理条件下分泌到循环和细胞外环境中的膜微/纳米囊泡。有证据表明，细胞外囊泡（称为基质囊泡）在骨骼组织的矿化中发挥作用，但新兴的超微结构和体外研究表明，它们也参与了心血管钙化。参与心血管钙化进展的细胞释放具有活性的囊泡，能够在其膜上成核羟基磷灰石。本文讨论了细胞外囊泡在心血管钙化中的作用，并详细阐述了这种钙化的额外机制，作为通过成骨分化的当前公认的生物矿化机制的替代途径。
