Wang Peng, Husch Johanna F A, Arntz Onno J, van der Kraan Peter M, van de Loo Fons A J, van den Beucken Jeroen J J P
Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Radboud Institute for Medical Innovations, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Apr 2;23(1):161. doi: 10.1186/s12964-025-02156-5.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the extracellular matrix (ECM) are essential in maintaining bone and joint health by facilitating intercellular communication, regulating tissue processes and providing structural support. EVs with a large surface area carry diverse biomolecules to steer the function of cells in their surroundings. To understand how EVs localize to specific sites, we here review the available knowledge on EV surface biomolecules and their interactions with ECM components that are crucial for regulating bone remodeling, cartilage maintenance, and immune responses, playing roles in both tissue homeostasis and pathological conditions, such as arthritis and osteoporosis. More importantly, using analyses of animal experimental data, we illustrate the effect of ECM-based biomaterials (e.g. hydrogels, decellularized matrices, and ECM-mimetic scaffolds) as carriers for EVs toward effective EV delivery in regenerative and immunomodulatory therapies in bone and joint tissue. These biomaterials enable sustained release and targeted delivery of EVs, promoting bone and cartilage regeneration. The insights of this review can be utilized to advance the development of cutting-edge therapies for skeletal tissue regeneration and disease management.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）和细胞外基质（ECM）通过促进细胞间通讯、调节组织过程和提供结构支持，在维持骨骼和关节健康方面起着至关重要的作用。具有大表面积的细胞外囊泡携带多种生物分子，以引导周围细胞的功能。为了了解细胞外囊泡如何定位到特定部位，我们在此回顾关于细胞外囊泡表面生物分子及其与细胞外基质成分相互作用的现有知识，这些对于调节骨重塑、软骨维持和免疫反应至关重要，在组织稳态和诸如关节炎和骨质疏松症等病理状况中均发挥作用。更重要的是，通过对动物实验数据的分析，我们阐述了基于细胞外基质的生物材料（如水凝胶、脱细胞基质和细胞外基质模拟支架）作为细胞外囊泡载体在骨和关节组织的再生及免疫调节治疗中实现有效细胞外囊泡递送的作用。这些生物材料能够实现细胞外囊泡的持续释放和靶向递送，促进骨和软骨再生。本综述的见解可用于推动骨骼组织再生和疾病管理前沿疗法的发展。
