Walden T A, Grisaffe D, Deitrich-MacLean G
Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37203.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1990 Jun;18(3):241-54. doi: 10.1007/BF00916563.
This study describes the reported observations of protective services workers who varied in the accuracy with which they could discriminate abusive from nonabusive mother-child interactions. Participants viewed videotapes of two abusive and two nonabusive dyads. They noted behaviors that suggested an abusive history and behaviors that suggested a nonabusive history for each dyad. Comparisons of more and less accurate judges indicated that accurate judges observed more evidence for abuse when the dyad actually was abusive. The informational advantage of experts was not limited to detecting interactional difficulties in abusive dyads; they also reported observations of more favorable behaviors of nonabusive dyads. Highly accurate judges were more likely to observe communication patterns, task-oriented behavior, and other-directed behaviors than were less accurate judges. These findings suggest that specific information-processing factors may vary with clinical expertise.
本研究描述了保护服务工作者的报告观察结果，这些工作者在区分虐待性与非虐待性母婴互动的准确性方面存在差异。参与者观看了两段虐待性和两段非虐待性二元组的录像带。他们记录了每个二元组中表明有虐待史的行为和表明无非虐待史的行为。对准确性较高和较低的判断者进行比较表明，当二元组实际存在虐待行为时，准确的判断者观察到更多虐待证据。专家的信息优势不仅限于发现虐待性二元组中的互动困难；他们还报告了对非虐待性二元组更有利行为的观察结果。与准确性较低的判断者相比，准确性高的判断者更有可能观察到沟通模式、任务导向行为和他人导向行为。这些发现表明，特定的信息处理因素可能因临床专业知识而异。
