Zell Ethan, Warriner Amy Beth, Albarracín Dolores
University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
Soc Psychol Personal Sci. 2012 Sep 1;3(5):549-555. doi: 10.1177/1948550611430164.
Self-talk has fascinated scholars for decades but has received little systematic research attention. Three studies examined the conditions under which people talk to themselves as if they are another person, indicating a splitting or fragmentation of the self. Fragmented self-talk, defined by the use of the second person, , and the imperative, was specifically expected to arise in contexts requiring explicit self-control. Results showed that fragmented self-talk was most prevalent in response to situations requiring direct behavior regulation, such as negative events (Study 1), experiences of autonomy (Study 2), and action as opposed to behavior preparation or behavior evaluation (Study 3). Therefore, people refer to themselves as and command themselves as if they are another person in situations requiring conscious self-guidance. The implications of these findings for behavior change are discussed.
几十年来，自我对话一直吸引着学者，但很少受到系统的研究关注。三项研究考察了人们在何种情况下会像与他人交谈一样与自己对话，这表明自我出现了分裂或破碎。由第二人称的使用和祈使语气定义的碎片化自我对话，特别预计会在需要明确自我控制的情境中出现。结果表明，碎片化自我对话在应对需要直接行为调节的情况时最为普遍，比如负面事件（研究1）、自主体验（研究2）以及行动（相对于行为准备或行为评估）（研究3）。因此，在需要有意识自我引导的情境中，人们会像称呼他人一样称呼自己，并像指挥他人一样命令自己。文中讨论了这些发现对行为改变的影响。
