Hart William, Albarracín Dolores
Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2009 Feb;20(2):238-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02277.x. Epub 2009 Jan 8.
This research examined whether describing past actions as ongoing using the imperfective aspect (rather than describing them as completed using the perfective aspect) promotes memory for action-relevant knowledge and reenactment of these actions in a future context. In Experiment 1, participants who used the imperfective aspect to describe their strategy on a prior interpersonal task were more likely to use this strategy on a later task than were participants who used the perfective aspect to describe their prior strategy. Experiment 2 demonstrated that describing behaviors on a task using the imperfective rather than the perfective aspect increased willingness to resume that task by improving memory for task contents. The last two experiments showed that the effects of the imperfective aspect on memory decayed over time and that the imperfective aspect facilitated performance of a future behavior only when the described past behavior was relevant to the future behavior. Thus, the effects of aspect are moderated by memory decay and are behavior-specific.
本研究考察了使用未完成体（而不是使用完成体将过去的行为描述为已完成）来描述过去的行为是否会促进对与行为相关知识的记忆，以及在未来情境中对这些行为的重演。在实验1中，与使用完成体描述先前策略的参与者相比，使用未完成体描述其在先前人际任务中的策略的参与者在后续任务中更有可能使用该策略。实验2表明，使用未完成体而非完成体来描述任务中的行为，通过提高对任务内容的记忆，增加了重新进行该任务的意愿。最后两个实验表明，未完成体对记忆的影响会随着时间衰减，并且只有当所描述的过去行为与未来行为相关时，未完成体才会促进未来行为的表现。因此，体的影响受到记忆衰减的调节，并且是特定于行为的。
