Morin Alain
Department of Psychology, Mount Royal University, 4825 Richard Road S.W., Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2023 Jun 22;13(7):525. doi: 10.3390/bs13070525.
In this paper, I tentatively answer 50 questions sampled from a pool of over 10,000 weekly questions formulated by students in a course entitled "The Self". The questions pertain to various key topics related to self-processes, such as self-awareness, self-knowledge, self-regulation, self-talk, self-esteem, and self-regulation. The students' weekly questions and their answers highlight what is currently known about the self. Answers to the student questions also allow for the identification of some recurrent lessons about the self. Some of these lessons include: all self-processes are interconnected (e.g., prospection depends on autobiography), self-terms must be properly defined (e.g., self-rumination and worry are not the same), inner speech plays an important role in self-processes, controversies are numerous (are animals self-aware?), measurement issues abound (e.g., self-recognition as an operationalization of self-awareness), deficits in some self-processes can have devastating effects (e.g., self-regulatory deficits may lead to financial problems), and there are lots of unknowns about the self (e.g., gender differences in Theory-of-Mind).
在本文中,我尝试回答从一门名为“自我”的课程中,学生每周提出的一万多个问题里抽取的50个问题。这些问题涉及与自我过程相关的各种关键主题,比如自我意识、自我认知、自我调节、自我对话、自尊和自我调控。学生们每周提出的问题及其答案突出了目前关于自我的已知内容。对学生问题的回答也有助于识别一些关于自我的反复出现的经验教训。其中一些经验教训包括:所有自我过程都是相互关联的(例如,前瞻性依赖于自传),自我相关术语必须得到恰当定义(例如,自我反思和担忧并不相同),内心言语在自我过程中起着重要作用,争议众多(动物有自我意识吗?),测量问题大量存在(例如,将自我识别作为自我意识的一种操作化方式),某些自我过程中的缺陷可能会产生毁灭性影响(例如,自我调节缺陷可能导致财务问题),以及关于自我仍有许多未知之处(例如,心理理论中的性别差异)。