Gray R E, Doan B D, Church K
Department of Psychology, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, North York, Ontario, Canada.
J Palliat Care. 1990 Summer;6(2):33-45.
Persons with cancer are likely to encounter a loss of personal control as a result of their illness experience. An empowerment perspective, which emphasizes the possibility of patients "owning their own lives", is useful for understanding the interpersonal and social dynamics of patients' loss of control and for guiding the development of strategies aimed at maximizing control. Because the factors influencing an individual's sense of control are multi-leveled, optimal empowerment occurs when strategies are employed at several levels of social organization. In this paper, a number of barriers to the empowerment of cancer patients are identified and strategies recommended to enhance patient empowerment in cancer care. The empowerment needs and strategies discussed here include: (a) the provision of optimal care, (b) the enhancement of individual patient power, (c) the development of a strong consumer voice in policy decision-making processes, and (d) societal attitude change.
癌症患者由于患病经历，很可能会遭遇个人控制权的丧失。一种强调患者“掌控自己生活”可能性的赋权观点，有助于理解患者失去控制权的人际和社会动态，并指导旨在最大限度增强控制权的策略的制定。由于影响个人控制感的因素是多层次的，当在社会组织的多个层面采用策略时，才能实现最佳赋权。本文识别了一些癌症患者赋权的障碍，并推荐了在癌症护理中增强患者赋权的策略。这里讨论的赋权需求和策略包括：(a) 提供最佳护理；(b) 增强个体患者的权力；(c) 在政策决策过程中培养强大的消费者声音；(d) 改变社会态度。
