Yale University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06508, USA.
Behav Ther. 2013 Sep;44(3):373-84. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2013.02.001. Epub 2013 Feb 26.
Mindfulness has been associated with anxiety and depression, but the ways in which specific facets of mindfulness relate to symptoms of anxiety and depression remains unclear. The purpose of the current study was to investigate associations between specific facets of mindfulness (e.g., observing, describing, nonjudging, acting with awareness, and nonreactivity) and dimensions of anxiety and depression symptoms (e.g., anxious arousal, general distress-anxiety, general distress-depression, and anhedonic depression) while controlling for shared variance among variables. Participants were 187 treatment-seeking adults. Mindfulness was measured using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured using the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire. Bivariate correlations showed that all facets of mindfulness were significantly related to all dimensions of anxiety and depression, with two exceptions: describing was unrelated to general distress-anxiety, and observing was unrelated to all symptom clusters. Path analysis was used to simultaneously examine associations between mindfulness facets and depression and anxiety symptoms. Significant and marginally significant pathways were retained to construct a more parsimonious model and model fit indices were examined. The parsimonious model indicated that nonreactivity was significantly inversely associated with general distress anxiety symptoms. Describing was significantly inversely associated with anxious arousal, while observing was significantly positively associated with it. Nonjudging and nonreactivity were significantly inversely related to general distress-depression and anhedonic depression symptomatology. Acting with awareness was not significantly associated with any dimensions of anxiety or depression. Findings support associations between specific facets of mindfulness and dimensions of anxiety and depression and highlight the potential utility of targeting these specific aspects of mindfulness in interventions for anxiety and mood disorders.
正念与焦虑和抑郁有关，但特定正念方面与焦虑和抑郁症状的关系方式仍不清楚。本研究的目的是调查正念的特定方面（例如观察、描述、不评判、有意识地行动和不反应）与焦虑和抑郁症状的维度（例如焦虑唤醒、一般困扰-焦虑、一般困扰-抑郁和快感缺失性抑郁）之间的关联，同时控制变量之间的共享方差。参与者是 187 名寻求治疗的成年人。正念使用五因素正念问卷进行测量，抑郁和焦虑症状使用情绪和焦虑症状问卷进行测量。双变量相关显示，正念的所有方面都与焦虑和抑郁的所有维度显著相关，有两个例外：描述与一般困扰-焦虑无关，观察与所有症状群无关。路径分析用于同时检查正念方面与抑郁和焦虑症状之间的关联。保留了显著和边缘显著的途径，以构建一个更简约的模型，并检查模型拟合指数。简约模型表明，不反应与一般困扰性焦虑症状显著负相关。描述与焦虑唤醒显著负相关，而观察与焦虑唤醒显著正相关。不评判和不反应与一般困扰性抑郁和快感缺失性抑郁症状显著负相关。有意识地行动与焦虑或抑郁的任何维度均无显著相关性。研究结果支持特定正念方面与焦虑和抑郁维度之间的关联，并强调在焦虑和情绪障碍干预中针对这些特定正念方面的潜在效用。
