Long Island University-Post, Brookville, NY 11548-1300, USA.
Behav Ther. 2013 Sep;44(3):443-58. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2013.03.009. Epub 2013 Apr 6.
In 1996, Forehand and Kotchick concluded that parent-training (PT) interventions largely ignored cultural influences on parenting behavior. They reasoned that the failure to integrate the influence of ethnicity into theories of parenting behavior could result in culturally biased and less effective interventions. The present article addresses whether their "wake-up call" went unheard. We review research on PT treatment studies and examine (a) the rate of inclusion of ethnic minority parents in PT research, (b) the effectiveness of PT across ethnic groups, and (c) the effectiveness of culturally adapted PT interventions. Results show that there has been an increase in the ethnic diversity of PT treatment studies over the past three decades, yet only one methodologically sound study directly examined ethnicity as a moderator of PT treatment outcome. Despite the paucity of evidence that ethnicity is a moderator of parent-training outcomes, a number of culturally adapted PT treatments have been developed. These adapted interventions have rarely been tested against the unadapted interventions on which they are based. The results fail to support the current emphasis on ethnicity in efforts to improve the effectiveness of PT. We present methodological and conceptual limitations in the existing literature and provide recommendations for researchers studying the effects of ethnicity on PT outcomes.
1996 年，Forehand 和 Kotchick 得出结论，父母培训（PT）干预措施在很大程度上忽略了文化对育儿行为的影响。他们认为，如果不将族裔的影响纳入育儿行为理论，那么干预措施可能会带有文化偏见，效果也会大打折扣。本文探讨了他们的“警钟”是否被忽视了。我们回顾了关于 PT 治疗研究的文献，并考察了（a）PT 研究中少数民族父母的参与率，（b）PT 在不同族裔群体中的效果，以及（c）文化适应的 PT 干预措施的效果。结果表明，在过去的三十年中，PT 治疗研究的族裔多样性有所增加，但只有一项方法严谨的研究直接考察了族裔是否是 PT 治疗结果的调节因素。尽管缺乏证据表明族裔是父母培训结果的调节因素，但已经开发出了许多文化适应的 PT 治疗方法。这些适应性干预措施很少与它们所基于的非适应性干预措施进行对比测试。结果并未支持当前在提高 PT 效果方面强调族裔的做法。我们提出了现有文献中方法学和概念上的局限性，并为研究族裔对 PT 结果影响的研究人员提供了建议。
