U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2013 Sep;180:345-67. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.001. Epub 2013 Jun 14.
Phytotoxicity results are reviewed for oils, dispersants and dispersed oils. The phytotoxicity database consists largely of results from a patchwork of reactive research conducted after oil spills to marine waters. Toxicity information is available for at least 41 crude oils and 56 dispersants. As many as 107 response parameters have been monitored for 85 species of unicellular and multicellular algae, 28 wetland plants, 13 mangroves and 9 seagrasses. Effect concentrations have varied by as much as six orders of magnitude due to experimental diversity. This diversity restricts phytotoxicity predictions and identification of sensitive species, life stages and response parameters. As a result, evidence-based risk assessments for most aquatic plants and petrochemicals and dispersants are not supported by the current toxicity database. A proactive and experimentally-consistent approach is recommended to provide threshold toxic effect concentrations for sensitive life stages of aquatic plants inhabiting diverse ecosystems.
现对油类、分散剂和分散油的植物毒性进行综述。植物毒性数据库主要包括溢油事故发生后对海洋水域进行的大量应急研究的结果。毒性信息可用于至少 41 种原油和 56 种分散剂。对 85 种单细胞和多细胞藻类、28 种湿地植物、13 种红树林和 9 种海草进行了多达 107 种反应参数的监测。由于实验多样性，效应浓度变化了多达六个数量级。这种多样性限制了植物毒性预测和敏感物种、生命阶段和反应参数的识别。因此，目前的毒性数据库并没有为大多数水生植物和石油化工产品以及分散剂的基于证据的风险评估提供支持。建议采取积极主动和实验一致的方法，为栖息在各种生态系统中的水生植物的敏感生命阶段提供有毒效应的阈值浓度。
