Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2013 Aug;79(16):4974-84. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00924-13. Epub 2013 Jun 14.
As global aquaculture fish production continues to expand, an improved understanding of how environmental factors interact in fish health and production is needed. Significant advances have been made toward economical alternatives to costly fishmeal-based diets, such as grain-based formulations, and toward defining the effect of rearing density on fish health and production. Little research, however, has examined the effects of fishmeal- and grain-based diets in combination with alterations in rearing density. Moreover, it is unknown whether interactions between rearing density and diet impact the composition of the fish intestinal microbiota, which might in turn impact fish health and production. We fed aquacultured adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fishmeal- or grain-based diets, reared them under high- or low-density conditions for 10 months in a single aquaculture facility, and evaluated individual fish growth, production, fin indices, and intestinal microbiota composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that the intestinal microbiotas were dominated by a shared core microbiota consisting of 52 bacterial lineages observed across all individuals, diets, and rearing densities. Variations in diet and rearing density resulted in only minor changes in intestinal microbiota composition despite significant effects of these variables on fish growth, performance, fillet quality, and welfare. Significant interactions between diet and rearing density were observed only in evaluations of fin indices and the relative abundance of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus. These results demonstrate that aquacultured rainbow trout can achieve remarkable consistency in intestinal microbiota composition and suggest the possibility of developing novel aquaculture strategies without overtly altering intestinal microbiota composition.
随着全球水产养殖鱼类产量的持续增长，需要更好地了解环境因素如何相互作用影响鱼类的健康和产量。在替代昂贵的鱼粉饲料方面，如谷物配方，以及在确定养殖密度对鱼类健康和产量的影响方面，已经取得了重大进展。然而，很少有研究探讨鱼粉和谷物饲料与养殖密度变化相结合的影响。此外，尚不清楚养殖密度和饮食之间的相互作用是否会影响鱼类肠道微生物群落的组成，而这反过来又可能影响鱼类的健康和产量。我们用鱼粉或谷物饲料喂养养殖成年虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss），在单一水产养殖设施中，在高或低密度条件下饲养 10 个月，并使用 16S rRNA 基因测序评估个体鱼的生长、生产、鳍指数和肠道微生物群落组成。我们发现，肠道微生物群由一个共享的核心微生物群组成，该核心微生物群由在所有个体、饮食和养殖密度中观察到的 52 个细菌谱系组成。尽管这些变量对鱼类的生长、性能、鱼片质量和福利有显著影响，但饮食和养殖密度的变化仅导致肠道微生物群落组成的微小变化。仅在鳍指数和细菌属葡萄球菌相对丰度的评估中观察到饮食和养殖密度之间的显著相互作用。这些结果表明，养殖虹鳟可以在肠道微生物群落组成上达到显著的一致性，并表明有可能在不明显改变肠道微生物群落组成的情况下开发新的水产养殖策略。
