Center for Reproductive Rights, NY, USA.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2013 Aug;122(2):173-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2013.05.002. Epub 2013 Jun 14.
In 3 recent judgments, the European Court of Human Rights addressed the issue of access to abortion and related reproductive health services. In 2 of the judgments, the Court declared that the state violated women's rights by obstructing access to legal health services, including abortion. In so doing, it referred to the state's failure to implement domestic norms on prenatal testing and conscientious objection, and recognized the relevance of international medical guidelines. This illustrates that domestic and international medical standards can serve as critical guidance to human rights courts. In the third case, the Court showed its unwillingness to declare access to abortion a human right per se, which is troubling from the perspective of women's right to health and dignity. The present article outlines the relevance of these cases for the reproductive health profession and argues that medical professional societies can influence human rights courts by developing and enforcing medical standards, not only for the benefit of abortion rights domestically but also for the advancement of women's human rights worldwide.
在最近的三项裁决中，欧洲人权法院探讨了获取堕胎及相关生殖健康服务的问题。在其中两项裁决中，法院宣布国家通过阻碍合法医疗服务（包括堕胎）的获取，侵犯了女性的权利。在这样做的过程中，法院提到了国家未执行关于产前检查和出于良心拒服兵役的国内规范，并承认国际医疗准则的相关性。这表明，国内和国际医疗标准可以为人权法院提供关键指导。在第三起案件中，法院表示不愿意宣布堕胎本身就是一项人权，这从妇女健康和尊严的角度来看令人担忧。本文概述了这些案件对生殖健康专业的相关性，并认为医学专业协会可以通过制定和执行医学标准来影响人权法院，不仅有助于维护国内的堕胎权利，也有助于推动全世界的妇女人权。
