Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 1215 21st Avenue South, Suite 8310 MCE South Tower, Nashville, TN 37232-8242, USA.
J Fluency Disord. 2013 Jun;38(2):171-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2013.03.001. Epub 2013 Mar 16.
The purpose of this study was to assess the relation of behavioral inhibition to stuttering and speech/language output in preschool-age children who do (CWS) and do not stutter (CWNS).
Participants were preschool-age (ages 36-68 months), including 26 CWS (22 males) and 28 CWNS (13 males). Participants' behavioral inhibition (BI) was assessed by measuring the latency to their sixth spontaneous comment during conversation with an unfamiliar experimenter, using methodology developed by Kagan, Reznick, and Gibbons (1989). In addition to these measures of BI, each participant's stuttered and non-stuttered disfluencies and mean length of utterance (in morphemes) were assessed.
Among the more salient findings, it was found that (1) there was no significant difference in BI between preschool-age CWS and CWNS as a group, (2) when extremely high versus low inhibited children were selected, there were more CWS with higher BI and fewer CWS with lower BI when compared to their CWNS peers, and (3) more behaviorally inhibited CWS, when compared to less behaviorally inhibited CWS, exhibited more stuttering.
Findings are taken to suggest that one aspect of temperament (i.e., behavioral inhibition) is exhibited by some preschool-age CWS and that these children stutter more than CWS with lower behavioral inhibition. The present results seem to support continued study of the association between young children's temperamental characteristics and stuttering, the diagnostic entity (i.e., CWS versus CWNS), as well as stuttering, the behavior (e.g., frequency of stuttered disfluencies).
After reading this article, the reader will be able to: (a) summarize the salient empirical findings in the extant literature with regard to the association between temperament and childhood stuttering; (b) describe the concept of behavioral inhibition (BI) as well as the methods to measure BI; and (c) discuss the association between behavioral inhibition and childhood stuttering in preschool-age children.
本研究旨在评估行为抑制与口吃和学龄前儿童言语/语言输出的关系，这些儿童有的（CWS）有的不口吃（CWNS）。
参与者为学龄前儿童（36-68 个月），包括 26 名 CWS（22 名男性）和 28 名 CWNS（13 名男性）。通过使用 Kagan、Reznick 和 Gibbons（1989）开发的方法，测量参与者在与陌生实验者交谈时第六次自发评论的潜伏期，来评估他们的行为抑制（BI）。除了这些 BI 测量外，还评估了每个参与者的口吃和非口吃不流畅以及平均话语长度（以语素计）。
在更显著的发现中，（1）作为一个群体，学龄前 CWS 和 CWNS 之间的 BI 没有显著差异，（2）当选择极高与极低抑制的儿童时，与他们的 CWNS 同龄人相比，更多的 CWS 具有更高的 BI，而更少的 CWS 具有更低的 BI，（3）与行为抑制较低的 CWS 相比，行为抑制较高的 CWS 表现出更多的口吃。
研究结果表明，学龄前 CWS 中的一些人表现出气质的一个方面（即行为抑制），这些孩子比行为抑制较低的 CWS 口吃更多。目前的结果似乎支持继续研究幼儿气质特征与口吃的关联，即诊断实体（即 CWS 与 CWNS）以及口吃，即行为（例如，口吃不流畅的频率）。
阅读本文后，读者将能够：（a）总结关于气质与儿童口吃之间关联的现有文献中的显著实证发现；（b）描述行为抑制（BI）的概念以及测量 BI 的方法；（c）讨论行为抑制与学龄前儿童口吃的关系。
