Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Nat Immunol. 2013 Jul;14(7):676-84. doi: 10.1038/ni.2640.
The mammalian gastrointestinal tract, the site of digestion and nutrient absorption, harbors trillions of beneficial commensal microbes from all three domains of life. Commensal bacteria, in particular, are key participants in the digestion of food, and are responsible for the extraction and synthesis of nutrients and other metabolites that are essential for the maintenance of mammalian health. Many of these nutrients and metabolites derived from commensal bacteria have been implicated in the development, homeostasis and function of the immune system, suggesting that commensal bacteria may influence host immunity via nutrient- and metabolite-dependent mechanisms. Here we review the current knowledge of how commensal bacteria regulate the production and bioavailability of immunomodulatory, diet-dependent nutrients and metabolites and discuss how these commensal bacteria-derived products may regulate the development and function of the mammalian immune system.
哺乳动物的胃肠道是消化和营养吸收的场所，栖息着来自生命三个域的数万亿种有益共生微生物。特别是共生细菌，是食物消化的关键参与者，负责提取和合成对维持哺乳动物健康至关重要的营养物质和其他代谢物。许多来自共生细菌的这些营养物质和代谢物与免疫系统的发育、稳态和功能有关，这表明共生细菌可能通过营养物质和代谢物依赖的机制影响宿主的免疫。在这里，我们综述了目前关于共生细菌如何调节免疫调节、饮食依赖的营养物质和代谢物的产生和生物利用度的知识，并讨论了这些共生细菌衍生产物如何调节哺乳动物免疫系统的发育和功能。
