J Pers Disord. 2014 Apr;28(2):225-46. doi: 10.1521/pedi_2013_27_117. Epub 2013 Jun 20.
Changes in personality trait levels often parallel episodes of major depressive disorder (MDD), whereas trait factor structures and substantial retest correlations are preserved. The authors explicated this dual state/trait nature of personality assessments among adults with recurrent MDD (N = 351) receiving cognitive therapy (CT) by testing stability and change with the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality, 2nd Edition (SNAP-2; Clark, Simms, Wu, & Casillas, in press), separating state and trait variance, and predicting depressive symptoms and clinical outcomes. Many SNAP scale scores changed in CT (e.g., positive temperament increased, negative temperament decreased), and decreases in depressive symptoms accounted for most scales' score changes. Nonetheless, SNAP scales' state and trait components predicted depressive symptoms early and late in CT as well as clinical outcomes, and state components predicted changes in symptoms and clinical outcomes. These results support the validity of the SNAP-2 among depressed patients and highlight the salience of personalityrelevant state affect.
人格特质水平的变化通常与重度抑郁症（MDD）的发作平行，而特质因素结构和大量重测相关性得以保留。作者通过测试认知疗法（CT）治疗的复发性 MDD 成年人（N=351）的适应和非适应人格量表第二版（SNAP-2；Clark、Simms、Wu 和 Casillas，即将出版）的稳定性和变化，分离状态和特质方差，并预测抑郁症状和临床结果，阐述了人格评估的这种双重状态/特质性质。在 CT 中，许多 SNAP 量表得分发生了变化（例如，积极气质增加，消极气质减少），而抑郁症状的减少解释了大多数量表得分变化的原因。尽管如此，SNAP 量表的状态和特质成分在 CT 的早期和晚期以及临床结果中预测了抑郁症状，而状态成分预测了症状和临床结果的变化。这些结果支持了 SNAP-2 在抑郁患者中的有效性，并强调了与人格相关的状态影响的重要性。
