Department of Child Development and Family Studies, 101 Gates Road, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2011 May;23(2):689-701. doi: 10.1017/S0954579411000010.
This study prospectively examined the effect of intimate partner violence (IPV) on adrenocortical reactivity and recovery during early childhood. The sample (n = 1102 mother-infant dyads; 49.2% male) was racially diverse and from predominantly low-income, rural communities. To measure IPV exposure mothers completed the Conflicts Tactics Scale, and her caretaking behaviors were observed when her child was approximately 7, 15, and 24 months of age. Children's saliva samples, later assayed for cortisol, were collected around challenge tasks designed to elicit emotional reactivity. IPV was related to a trajectory of increased cortisol reactivity from infancy to toddlerhood. By contrast, the trajectory for non-IPV-exposed children decreased in cortisol reactivity across 7 to 24 months of age. At the 24-month assessment, on average, toddlers did not exhibit a cortisol reaction; however, those exposed to high levels of violence continued to have reactivity. Accumulative levels of IPV across the first 2 years of life predicted cortisol reactivity at 24 months of age. Early (7-month) sensitive maternal behavior moderated this relationship, so that only children exposed to both early insensitivity and high accumulated IPV exhibited increased reactivity at the 24-month assessment. Findings are discussed in relation to the risky family framework.
本研究前瞻性地考察了亲密伴侣暴力 (IPV) 对儿童早期肾上腺皮质反应性和恢复的影响。该样本（n = 1102 母婴对子；49.2%为男性）具有种族多样性，来自以低收入为主的农村社区。为了测量 IPV 暴露，母亲们完成了冲突策略量表，并且在她的孩子大约 7、15 和 24 个月大时观察她的照顾行为。围绕旨在引发情绪反应的挑战任务收集了儿童的唾液样本，随后对皮质醇进行了检测。IPV 与从婴儿期到幼儿期皮质醇反应性增加的轨迹有关。相比之下，未暴露于 IPV 的儿童的皮质醇反应性在 7 至 24 个月的年龄内下降。在 24 个月的评估中，幼儿平均没有表现出皮质醇反应；然而，那些暴露于高水平暴力的儿童仍表现出反应性。生命的头 2 年中累积的 IPV 水平预测了 24 个月时的皮质醇反应性。早期（7 个月）敏感的母亲行为调节了这种关系，因此只有同时暴露于早期不敏感和高累积 IPV 的儿童在 24 个月的评估中表现出反应性增加。研究结果与风险家庭框架有关。
