Wenzel Michael, Okimoto Tyler G
Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
Br J Soc Psychol. 2014 Sep;53(3):463-83. doi: 10.1111/bjso.12040. Epub 2013 Jun 24.
This research investigates whether, following a wrongdoing, the restoration of justice promotes forgiveness. Three studies - one correlational recall study and two experimental scenario studies - provide evidence that while a restored sense of justice is overall positively related to forgiveness, forgiveness is highly dependent on the means of justice restoration being retributive (punitive) versus restorative (consensus-seeking) in nature. The findings showed that, overall, restorative but not retributive responses led to greater forgiveness. Although both retributive and restorative responses appeared to increase forgiveness indirectly through increased feelings of justice, for retributive responses these effects were counteracted by direct effects on forgiveness. Moreover, the experimental evidence showed that, while feelings of justice derived from restorative responses were positively related to forgiveness, feelings of justice derived from retributive responses were not.
本研究调查了在发生不当行为后，正义的恢复是否能促进宽恕。三项研究——一项相关回忆研究和两项实验情景研究——提供了证据，表明虽然恢复的正义感总体上与宽恕呈正相关，但宽恕高度依赖于正义恢复的方式本质上是报应性（惩罚性）还是恢复性（寻求共识性）。研究结果表明，总体而言，恢复性而非报应性的回应会带来更大程度的宽恕。虽然报应性和恢复性回应似乎都通过增强正义感间接增加了宽恕，但对于报应性回应，这些影响被对宽恕的直接影响所抵消。此外，实验证据表明，虽然源自恢复性回应的正义感与宽恕呈正相关，但源自报应性回应的正义感并非如此。
