Departments of Neuroscience, Endocrinology, and Geriatrics, and the Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Oct;24(10):488-94. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.05.007. Epub 2013 Jun 20.
We propose that energy balance, glucose homeostasis, and aging are all regulated largely by the same nutrient-sensing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). Although the central role of these neurons in regulating energy balance is clear, their role in regulating glucose homeostasis has only recently become more clear. This latter function may be most relevant to aging and lifespan by controlling the rate of glucose metabolism. Specifically, glucose-sensing neurons in VMH promote peripheral glucose metabolism, and dietary restriction, by reducing glucose metabolism in these neurons, reduces glucose metabolism of the rest of the body, thereby increasing lifespan. Here we discuss recent studies demonstrating the key role of hypothalamic neurons in driving aging and age-related diseases.
我们提出，能量平衡、葡萄糖稳态和衰老主要由下丘脑腹内侧核（VMH）中的相同营养感应神经元调节。尽管这些神经元在调节能量平衡方面的核心作用是明确的，但它们在调节葡萄糖稳态方面的作用直到最近才更加清晰。通过控制葡萄糖代谢的速率，这一后者功能可能与衰老和寿命的关系最为密切。具体来说，VMH 中的葡萄糖感应神经元促进外周葡萄糖代谢，而饮食限制通过降低这些神经元中的葡萄糖代谢，减少了身体其余部分的葡萄糖代谢，从而延长了寿命。在这里，我们讨论了最近的研究，这些研究表明，下丘脑神经元在驱动衰老和与年龄相关的疾病方面起着关键作用。
