University of Belgrade, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, Belgrade, Serbia.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Sep;59:289-96. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.017. Epub 2013 Jun 20.
Mushrooms have been reported as sources of biomolecules with various potential. Coprinus comatus was studied to obtain information about this species, comparing cultivated and wild samples. Free sugars, fatty acids, tocopherols, organic acids and phenolic acids were analyzed by chromatographic techniques coupled to different detectors. C. comatus methanolic extract was tested for its antioxidant potential (reducing power, radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition) and antimicrobial properties (tested towards Gram positive and negative bacteria, and microfungi). The toxicity for liver cells was tested in porcine liver primary cells. Both studied samples revealed similar nutritional value and energy contribution. The cultivated sample revealed the highest content in free sugars, monounsaturated fatty acids and tocopherols, while the wild mushroom was richer in saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, organic acids and phenolic compounds. The cultivated species also revealed the highest antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity (with exception towards Gram negative bacteria and Aspergillus ochraceus). Both species revealed no toxicity towards porcine liver cells. The present study proved that cultivated and wild mushrooms from the same species could be excellent options as food and as sources of nutritional and bioactive compounds. Furthermore, differences in wild and cultivated samples were comparatively investigated for the first time.
蘑菇被报道为具有各种潜在用途的生物分子的来源。本研究以毛头鬼伞为对象，通过比较栽培和野生样本，以获取关于该物种的信息。采用不同检测器联用的色谱技术分析了游离糖、脂肪酸、生育酚、有机酸和酚酸。采用还原力、自由基清除活性和脂质过氧化抑制活性测试评估了毛头鬼伞甲醇提取物的抗氧化潜力，并针对革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌以及霉菌进行了抗菌性能测试。采用猪原代肝细胞测试了其细胞毒性。两种研究样本具有相似的营养价值和能量贡献。栽培样本的游离糖、单不饱和脂肪酸和生育酚含量最高，而野生蘑菇则富含饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸、有机酸和酚类化合物。栽培种还表现出最高的抗氧化潜力和抗菌活性（除了对革兰氏阴性菌和土曲霉）。两种蘑菇对猪原代肝细胞均无毒性。本研究证明，来自同一物种的栽培和野生蘑菇可以作为食品和营养及生物活性化合物的来源。此外，这也是首次对野生和栽培样本进行比较研究。
