College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
BMJ Open. 2013 Jun 20;3(6):e002916. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002916.
To examine the effect of an outdoor smokefree law in parks and on beaches on observed smoking in selected venues.
The study involved repeated observations in selected parks and beaches in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The main outcome measure was changes in observed smoking rates in selected venues from prelaw to 12 months postlaw.
No venue was 100% smokefree at the 12-month postlaw observation time point. There was a significant decrease in observed smoking rates in all venues from prelaw to 12-month postlaw (prelaw mean smoking rate=20.5 vs 12-month mean smoking rate=4.7, p=0.04). In stratified analysis by venue, the differences between the prelaw and 12-month smoking rates decreased significantly in parks (prelaw mean smoking rate=37.1 vs 12-month mean smoking rate=6.5, p=0.01) but not in beaches (prelaw mean smoking rate=2.9 vs 12-month mean smoking rate=1.0, p=0.1).
Smokefree policies in outdoor recreational venues have the potential to decrease smoking in these venues. The effectiveness of such policies may differ by the type and usage of the venue; for instance, compliance may be better in venues that are used more often and have enforcement. Future studies may further explore factors that limit and foster the enforcement of such policies in parks and beaches.
研究公园和海滩的室外禁烟令对指定场所观察到的吸烟行为的影响。
本研究在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省温哥华的选定公园和海滩进行了重复观察。主要观察指标为从禁烟令实施前到 12 个月后指定场所观察到的吸烟率变化。
在 12 个月后的禁烟令观察时间点，没有一个场所是 100%无烟的。与禁烟令实施前相比，所有场所的观察到的吸烟率均显著下降（禁烟令实施前的平均吸烟率为 20.5%，12 个月后的平均吸烟率为 4.7%，p=0.04）。按场所分层分析，公园的禁烟令实施前和 12 个月的吸烟率差异显著降低（禁烟令实施前的平均吸烟率为 37.1%，12 个月后的平均吸烟率为 6.5%，p=0.01），但海滩的差异不显著（禁烟令实施前的平均吸烟率为 2.9%，12 个月后的平均吸烟率为 1.0%，p=0.1）。
在户外娱乐场所实施禁烟政策有可能降低这些场所的吸烟行为。此类政策的有效性可能因场所的类型和用途而异；例如，在使用频率更高且有执法的场所，合规性可能更好。未来的研究可以进一步探讨限制和促进公园和海滩禁烟令执行的因素。
