Bordoni Noemí, Ciaravino Octavio, Zambrano Olga, Villena Rita, Beltran-Aguilar Eugenio, Squassi Aldo
Research in Public Health Institute, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Acta Odontol Latinoam. 2012;25(3):270-8.
Health is currently recognized as lying in the individual process rooted in genes, personal habits, the social model and the understanding of the ideological standpoint from which it is viewed. The aim of this study was to validate the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) for use in Latin American communities, in order to demonstrate its efficacy for determining the impact of dental condition on children under 5 years of age and their families. The ECOHIS explores two domains: impact on children (9 questions) and on families (4 questions). Validation in Spanish was done in four stages. Stage I included translation and back-translation of the questionnaire (English-Spanish-English). Stage II was a pilot test on families in Venezuela to test stability (test-retest) and make semantic adjustments. Stage III included validation of the questionnaire applied to a Venezuelan sample (n = 50) and two Argentine samples (A and B, made up of families with and without social risk, respectively; n = 95), and consisted of statistical analysis to check the questionnaire's internal consistency and discriminant capacity. In the final stage, parents were given feedback on the results and significance of each domain in the questionnaire. From the results of this study it may be concluded that the Spanish version of the ECOHIS was reliable and valid for administering to populations with homogeneous social risk, and that parents without social risk factors (AC/B) have significantly greater perception of the impact of oral health on the family's quality of life. The trends recorded suggest that (a) larger samples should be used, including variables for diagnosing social vulnerability or general risk, (b) the association with dental condition should be established by applying indicators to discriminate distinct cut-off points in the dental caries process and (c) it should be ascertained whether there are changes in perception of the impact on quality of life before and after dental treatments, including impact on general health condition.
目前，健康被认为取决于个体过程，这一过程植根于基因、个人习惯、社会模式以及看待健康的意识形态立场。本研究的目的是验证早期儿童口腔健康影响量表（ECOHIS）在拉丁美洲社区的适用性，以证明其在确定牙齿状况对5岁以下儿童及其家庭的影响方面的有效性。ECOHIS探索两个领域：对儿童的影响（9个问题）和对家庭的影响（4个问题）。西班牙语版本的验证分四个阶段进行。第一阶段包括问卷的翻译和回译（英语-西班牙语-英语）。第二阶段是在委内瑞拉对家庭进行预测试，以测试稳定性（重测）并进行语义调整。第三阶段包括对应用于委内瑞拉样本（n = 50）和两个阿根廷样本（样本A和样本B，分别由有社会风险和无社会风险的家庭组成；n = 95）的问卷进行验证，包括进行统计分析以检查问卷的内部一致性和区分能力。在最后阶段，向家长反馈问卷中每个领域的结果和意义。从本研究结果可以得出结论，ECOHIS西班牙语版本对于管理具有同质社会风险的人群是可靠且有效的，并且没有社会风险因素的家长（AC/B）对口腔健康对家庭生活质量的影响的感知明显更强。记录的趋势表明：（a）应使用更大的样本，包括用于诊断社会脆弱性或一般风险的变量；（b）应通过应用指标来确定龋齿过程中不同临界点，从而建立与牙齿状况的关联；（c）应确定在牙科治疗前后对生活质量影响的感知是否有变化，包括对一般健康状况的影响。
