Humphries Lesley K, Eiland Lea S
Department of Pharmacy, Rockingham Memorial Hospital, Harrisonburg, Virginia.
J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Apr;18(2):79-87. doi: 10.5863/1551-6776-18.2.79.
Seizures in the pediatric population commonly occur, and when proper rescue medication is not administered quickly, the risk of neurologic compromise emerges. For many years, rectal diazepam has been the standard of care, but recent interest in a more cost-effective, safe alternative has led to the investigation of intranasal midazolam for this indication. Although midazolam and diazepam are both members of the benzodiazepine class, the kinetic properties of these 2 anticonvulsants vary. This paper will review available data pertaining to the efficacy, safety, cost, and pharmacokinetics of intranasal midazolam versus rectal diazepam as treatment for acute seizures for children in the prehospital, home, and emergency department settings.
癫痫发作在儿科人群中很常见，如果不能迅速给予适当的急救药物，就会出现神经功能损害的风险。多年来，直肠用安定一直是护理标准，但最近对一种更具成本效益、更安全的替代药物的关注促使人们对鼻内用咪达唑仑用于这一适应症进行研究。虽然咪达唑仑和安定都是苯二氮䓬类药物，但这两种抗惊厥药的动力学特性有所不同。本文将综述关于鼻内用咪达唑仑与直肠用安定在院前、家庭和急诊科环境中治疗儿童急性癫痫发作的疗效、安全性、成本和药代动力学的现有数据。
