Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.
Pharm Res. 2023 May;40(5):1087-1114. doi: 10.1007/s11095-023-03469-1. Epub 2023 Jan 12.
The use of cannabidiol (CBD) for treating brain disorders has gained increasing interest. While the mechanism of action of CBD in these conditions is still under investigation, CBD has been shown to affect numerous different drug targets in the brain that are involved in brain disorders. Here we review the preclinical and clinical evidence on the potential therapeutic use of CBD in treating various brain disorders. Moreover, we also examine various drug delivery approaches that have been applied to CBD. Due to the slow absorption and low bioavailability with the current oral CBD therapy, more efficient routes of administration to bypass hepatic metabolism, particularly pulmonary delivery, should be considered. Comparison of pharmacokinetic studies of different delivery routes highlight the advantages of intranasal and inhalation drug delivery over other routes of administration (oral, injection, sublingual, buccal, and transdermal) for treating brain disorders. These two routes of delivery, being non-invasive and able to achieve fast absorption and increase bioavailability, are attracting increasing interest for CBD applications, with more research and development expected in the near future.
大麻二酚（CBD）在治疗脑部疾病方面的应用日益受到关注。尽管 CBD 在这些疾病中的作用机制仍在研究中，但 CBD 已被证明可影响大脑中涉及脑部疾病的许多不同的药物靶点。在此，我们综述了 CBD 在治疗各种脑部疾病方面的潜在治疗用途的临床前和临床证据。此外，我们还研究了应用于 CBD 的各种药物传递方法。由于目前 CBD 的口服治疗方法吸收缓慢且生物利用度低，因此应考虑更有效的绕过肝脏代谢的给药途径，特别是肺部给药。不同给药途径的药代动力学研究比较突出了鼻内和吸入式给药相对于其他给药途径（口服、注射、舌下、颊部和经皮）在治疗脑部疾病方面的优势。这两种给药途径是非侵入性的，能够实现快速吸收并提高生物利用度，因此越来越受到 CBD 应用的关注，预计在不久的将来会有更多的研究和开发。
