Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India.
J Sci Food Agric. 2014 Feb;94(3):537-43. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6289. Epub 2013 Jul 19.
The aim of this study was to detect the presence of different mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species in major food grains from southern states of India, namely maize, paddy, groundnut and sorghum. A total of 200 isolates recovered from 320 grain samples from four southern states were tested for their toxin chemotypes using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. The diversity and distribution of the isolates were recorded in terms of their frequency, density, importance value index and diversity indices.
Among the different grain samples tested, 83% of groundnut, 69% of maize, 57% of sorghum and 29% of paddy samples had aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) levels above the allowed limit, while 82% of maize, 70% of sorghum, 42% of paddy and 17% of groundnut samples had ochratoxin A (OTA) concentrations higher than the permitted threshold (5 µg kg⁻¹).
Since the southern states of India are temperate regions, environmental factors, especially temperature and relative humidity, may be responsible for the high levels of mycotoxins present in the grains studied. Therefore there is a need to generate awareness among farmers and consumers about the possible adverse health effects of high levels of mycotoxins present in different food grains.
本研究旨在检测来自印度南部各州（如玉米、水稻、花生和高粱）的主要粮食作物中不同产毒曲霉属的存在情况。从印度南部的四个州的 320 个谷物样本中回收了 200 株分离株，使用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）、高效薄层色谱法（HPTLC）和聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法对其毒素化学型进行了测试。根据频率、密度、重要值指数和多样性指数记录了分离株的多样性和分布情况。
在所测试的不同谷物样本中，83%的花生、69%的玉米、57%的高粱和 29%的水稻样本中的黄曲霉毒素 B1（AFB1）含量超过允许限量，而 82%的玉米、70%的高粱、42%的水稻和 17%的花生样本中的赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA）浓度超过允许阈值（5μg/kg）。
由于印度南部各州为温带地区，环境因素（尤其是温度和相对湿度）可能是导致所研究谷物中存在高浓度霉菌毒素的原因。因此，有必要提高农民和消费者对不同粮食作物中存在的高浓度霉菌毒素可能对健康造成的不利影响的认识。
