Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2013 Nov;33(6):652-60. doi: 10.1111/opo.12082. Epub 2013 Jun 27.
To determine the prevalence and risk factors of myopia-related retinal changes in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents with high myopia.
A cross-sectional study on Hong Kong Chinese teenage subjects with high myopia was conducted between January 2005 and June 2009. Subjects were recruited via newspaper advertisements, invitation letters to schools, leaflets and posters. Data collected included history related to myopia progression and retinal characteristics.
In total, 120 subjects (61 boys and 59 girls) were recruited. The mean age was 14.8 ± 1.6 years (range: 12-18 years). The mean SER of the eyes was -8.41 ± 1.60 D. Ninety four of the 120 adolescents were found to have a retinal change of which 0.8% were sight-threatening, 2.5% were posterior pole changes, and 61.7% were peripheral retinal changes. The five most frequent retinal changes found were optic nerve crescents (52.5%), white-without-pressure (51.7%), lattice degeneration (5.8%), microcystoid degeneration (5%) and pigmentary degeneration (4.2%). After adjusting for myopia over -8 D, age, gender, duration of myopia, family retinal history and intraocular pressure (IOP), binary logistic regressions showed that an axial length longer than 26.5 mm was a significant risk factor for peripheral retinal changes, optic nerve crescents and white-without-pressure.
Peripheral retinal degenerative changes and optic nerve crescent were found in a significant proportion of high myopic teenage subjects. There is increased risk of retinal changes in eyes with an axial length >26.5 mm in 12-18 year-olds.
确定香港高度近视青少年近视相关视网膜改变的患病率和危险因素。
2005 年 1 月至 2009 年 6 月进行了一项针对香港华裔青少年高度近视的横断面研究。通过报纸广告、学校邀请函、传单和海报招募研究对象。收集的数据包括与近视进展和视网膜特征相关的病史。
共招募了 120 名受试者（61 名男性和 59 名女性）。平均年龄为 14.8 ± 1.6 岁（范围：12-18 岁）。双眼平均 SER 为-8.41 ± 1.60 D。在 120 名青少年中，有 94 名发现视网膜发生改变，其中 0.8%为威胁视力的病变，2.5%为后极部改变，61.7%为周边视网膜改变。发现的五种最常见的视网膜改变是视神经嵴（52.5%）、白色无压（51.7%）、格子样变性（5.8%）、微囊样变性（5%）和色素变性（4.2%）。在校正近视>-8 D、年龄、性别、近视持续时间、家族视网膜病史和眼内压（IOP）后，二元逻辑回归显示，眼轴长度大于 26.5 mm 是周边视网膜改变、视神经嵴和白色无压的显著危险因素。
在大量高度近视青少年中发现周边视网膜退行性改变和视神经嵴。12-18 岁眼轴长度>26.5 mm 的眼发生视网膜改变的风险增加。
