Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
J Travel Med. 2013 Jul-Aug;20(4):247-55. doi: 10.1111/jtm.12017. Epub 2013 Mar 11.
Millions of tourists and climbers visit high altitudes annually. Many unsuspecting and otherwise healthy individuals may get sick when sojourning to these high regions. Acute mountain sickness represents the most common illness, which is usually benign but can rapidly progress to the more severe and potentially fatal forms of high-altitude cerebral edema and high-altitude pulmonary edema.
Data were identified by searches of Medline (1965 to May 2012) and references from relevant articles and books. Studies, reviews, and books specifically pertaining to the epidemiology, prevention, and treatment of high-altitude illnesses in travelers were selected.
This review provides information on geographical aspects, physiology/pathophysiology, clinical features, risk factors, and the prevalence of high-altitude illnesses and also state-of-the art recommendations for prevention and treatment of such illnesses.
Given an increasing number of recreational activities at high and extreme altitudes, the general practitioner and specialist are in higher demand for medical recommendations regarding the prevention and treatment of altitude illness. Despite an ongoing scientific discussion and controversies about the pathophysiological causes of altitude illness, treatment and prevention recommendations are clearer with increased experience over the last two decades.
每年都有数百万游客和登山者前往高海拔地区。许多毫无戒心或身体原本健康的人在前往这些高海拔地区时可能会生病。急性高原病是最常见的疾病，通常是良性的，但可能迅速发展为更严重且可能致命的高原脑水肿和高原肺水肿。
通过搜索 Medline（1965 年至 2012 年 5 月）和相关文章和书籍的参考文献来确定数据。选择了专门针对旅行者高原病的流行病学、预防和治疗的研究、综述和书籍。
本综述提供了有关高海拔疾病的地理方面、生理学/病理生理学、临床特征、危险因素和流行情况的信息，以及针对这些疾病的预防和治疗的最新建议。
鉴于在高海拔和极高海拔地区进行的娱乐活动越来越多，普通医生和专家对预防和治疗高原病的医疗建议的需求更高。尽管对高原病的病理生理原因仍存在持续的科学讨论和争议，但在过去二十年中，随着经验的增加，治疗和预防建议变得更加清晰。
