Australian Army Malaria Institute, Enoggera, QLD, Australia; Centre for Military and Veterans' Health, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
Lancet Infect Dis. 2013 Oct;13(10):900-6. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70095-1. Epub 2013 Jun 26.
The periodicity of vivax malaria relapses may be explained by the activation of latent hypnozoites acquired from a previous malarial infection. The activation stimulus could be the febrile illness associated with acute malaria or a different febrile infection. We review historical records to examine the association between relapses of Plasmodium vivax and febrile infectious diseases. In data from British soldiers in Palestine, epidemic falciparum malaria triggered a smaller epidemic of P vivax relapses only in those who had been extensively exposed to malaria previously. Relapses did not follow pandemic influenza infection. Evidence from three simultaneous typhoid and malaria epidemics suggest that typhoid fever might activate P vivax hypnozoites. Some data lend support to the notion that vivax malaria relapse followed febrile illness caused by relapsing fever, trench fever, epidemic typhus, and Malta fever (brucellosis). These observations suggest that systemic parasitic and bacterial infections, but not viral infections, can activate P vivax hypnozoites. Specific components of the host's acute febrile inflammatory response, and not fever alone, are probably important factors in the provocation of a relapse of vivax malaria.
间日疟复发的周期性可能是由于先前疟原虫感染产生的休眠子被激活引起的。激活刺激可能是与急性疟疾相关的发热性疾病或其他发热性感染。我们回顾了历史记录，以检查间日疟原虫复发与发热性传染病之间的关联。在来自巴勒斯坦英国士兵的数据中，流行的恶性疟原虫疟疾仅在以前广泛接触过疟疾的人群中引发较小的间日疟原虫复发流行。复发并没有跟随大流行性流感感染。来自三个同时发生的伤寒和疟疾流行的数据表明，伤寒可能会激活间日疟休眠子。一些数据支持这样的观点，即间日疟复发是由回归热、战壕热、流行性斑疹伤寒和马耳他热（布鲁氏菌病）引起的发热性疾病所致。这些观察结果表明，全身性寄生虫和细菌感染而不是病毒感染可以激活间日疟休眠子。宿主急性发热性炎症反应的特定成分，而不仅仅是发热，可能是引发间日疟复发的重要因素。
