Gastroenterology Department, Norfolk and Norwich Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK.
Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2013 Jul;4(4):157-66. doi: 10.1177/2040622313484647.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a small nonenveloped DNA virus that is a member of the Hepadnaviridae family. Chronic HBV infection is estimated to effect more than 350 million people worldwide with over 2 billion people being exposed to the virus. Risk factors for chronic infection include age of exposure to the virus, concurrent immunosuppression and HIV infection. Individuals chronically infected are 200 times more likely to develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than uninfected individuals and are at risk of developing cirrhosis and the risks of decompensated liver disease. This article focuses on the recent therapeutic advances that reduce the risk of developing these complications, those that prevent the spread of HBV and strategies for the prevention of post-liver-transplantation recurrence of HBV.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）是一种小型无包膜 DNA 病毒，属于嗜肝 DNA 病毒科。全球估计有超过 3.5 亿人患有慢性 HBV 感染，超过 20 亿人接触过该病毒。慢性感染的危险因素包括接触病毒的年龄、同时存在免疫抑制和 HIV 感染。与未感染者相比，慢性感染者发生肝细胞癌（HCC）的风险高 200 倍，并且有发生肝硬化和肝功能失代偿的风险。本文重点介绍了降低发生这些并发症风险的最新治疗进展，预防 HBV 传播的策略以及预防肝移植后 HBV 复发的策略。
