Schwartz Seth J, Unger Jennifer B, Des Rosiers Sabrina E, Lorenzo-Blanco Elma I, Zamboanga Byron L, Huang Shi, Baezconde-Garbanati Lourdes, Villamar Juan A, Soto Daniel W, Pattarroyo Monica, Szapocznik José
University of Miami, 1425 N.W. 10th Avenue, Room 321, Miami, FL, 33136, USA,
Prev Sci. 2014 Jun;15(3):385-96. doi: 10.1007/s11121-013-0419-1.
This study evaluated the immigrant paradox by ascertaining the effects of multiple components of acculturation on substance use and sexual behavior among recently immigrated Hispanic adolescents primarily from Mexico (35 %) and Cuba (31 %). A sample of 302 adolescents (53 % boys; mean age 14.51 years) from Miami (n = 152) and Los Angeles (n = 150) provided data on Hispanic and US cultural practices, values, and identifications at baseline and provided reports of cigarette use, alcohol use, sexual activity, and unprotected sex approximately 1 year later. Results indicated strong gender differences, with the majority of significant findings emerging for boys. Supporting the immigrant paradox (i.e., that becoming oriented toward US culture is predictive of increased health risks), individualist values predicted greater numbers of oral sex partners and unprotected sex occasions for boys. However, contrary to the immigrant paradox, for boys, both US practices and US identification predicted less heavy drinking, fewer oral and vaginal/anal sex partners, and less unprotected vaginal/anal sex. Ethnic identity (identification with one's heritage culture) predicted greater numbers of sexual partners but negatively predicted unprotected sex. Results indicate a need for multidimensional, multi-domain models of acculturation and suggest that more work is needed to determine the most effective ways to culturally inform prevention programs.
本研究通过确定文化适应的多个组成部分对主要来自墨西哥（35%）和古巴（31%）的新移民西班牙裔青少年的物质使用和性行为的影响，对移民悖论进行了评估。来自迈阿密（n = 152）和洛杉矶（n = 150）的302名青少年（53%为男孩；平均年龄14.51岁）样本在基线时提供了关于西班牙裔和美国文化习俗、价值观及认同的数据，并在大约1年后报告了吸烟、饮酒、性活动和无保护性行为的情况。结果显示出强烈的性别差异，大多数显著结果出现在男孩中。支持移民悖论（即倾向于美国文化预示着健康风险增加）的是，个人主义价值观预示着男孩有更多的口交伴侣和无保护性行为的场合。然而，与移民悖论相反，对于男孩来说，美国的习俗和对美国的认同都预示着较少的酗酒、较少的口交和阴道/肛交伴侣以及较少的无保护阴道/肛交。族群认同（对自己传统文化的认同）预示着有更多的性伴侣，但对无保护性行为有负面预测作用。结果表明需要文化适应的多维、多领域模型，并表明需要开展更多工作来确定以文化方式为预防项目提供信息的最有效方法。
