Childhood Cancer Research Group, New Richards Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LG, United Kingdom.
Maturitas. 2013 Sep;76(1):95-8. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.05.017. Epub 2013 Jul 2.
Tumours occurring in children differ considerably from those occurring at older ages but exhibit common features. Those occurring in the teenage/young adult (TYA) years represent a transitional mixture of child and adult tumours and pose a considerable challenge for optimal clinical management and service provision. Nevertheless the fundamental processes of malignant change, arising from genetic/epigenetic interaction with environmental exposures, seem to operate across all ages and the entire tumour spectrum. We focus here on the ways in which genotype (and epigenetic modification), growth processes (particularly in utero), and exposure to ionising radiation (in conjunction with genetic susceptibility) affect cancer risk from childhood to adulthood, whether as a primary occurrence, or a second primary tumour following earlier primary occurrence and treatment.
儿童时期发生的肿瘤与老年时发生的肿瘤有很大的不同，但也有一些共同的特征。青少年/年轻成人（TYA）时期发生的肿瘤代表了儿童和成人肿瘤的过渡混合，这对最佳临床管理和服务提供构成了相当大的挑战。然而，恶性变化的基本过程，源于遗传/表观遗传与环境暴露的相互作用，似乎在所有年龄段和整个肿瘤谱中都起作用。我们在这里关注的是基因型（和表观遗传修饰）、生长过程（特别是在子宫内）以及电离辐射暴露（与遗传易感性相结合）如何影响从儿童期到成年期的癌症风险，无论是作为原发性发生，还是在早期原发性发生和治疗后发生的第二个原发性肿瘤。
