Mohammad Ghulam, Siddiquei Mohammad Mairaj
Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 245, Riyadh, 11411 Saudi Arabia.
J Ocul Biol Dis Infor. 2012 Jul 6;5(1):1-8. doi: 10.1007/s12177-012-9091-0. Print 2012 Mar.
Diabetic retinopathy represents the most common causes of vision loss in patients affected by diabetes mellitus. The cause of vision loss in diabetic retinopathy is complex and remains incompletely understood. One of the earliest changes in the development of retinopathy is the accelerated apoptosis of retinal microvascular cells and the formation of acellular capillaries by unknown mechanism. Results of a recent research suggest an important role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the development of diabetic retinopathy. MMPs are a large family of proteinases that remodel extracellular matrix components, and under pathological condition, its induction is considered as a negative regulator of cell survival; and in diabetes, latent MMPs are activated in the retina and its capillary cells, and activation of MMP-2 and -9 induces apoptosis of retinal capillary cells. This review will focus on the MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the diabetic retina with special reference to oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction, inflammation and angiogenesis, as well as summarizing the current information linking these proteins to pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
糖尿病视网膜病变是糖尿病患者视力丧失的最常见原因。糖尿病视网膜病变导致视力丧失的原因很复杂，目前仍未完全明确。视网膜病变发展过程中最早出现的变化之一是视网膜微血管细胞加速凋亡，并通过未知机制形成无细胞毛细血管。最近的一项研究结果表明，基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）在糖尿病视网膜病变的发展中起重要作用。MMPs是一大类蛋白酶，可重塑细胞外基质成分，在病理条件下，其诱导被认为是细胞存活的负调节因子；在糖尿病中，潜伏的MMPs在视网膜及其毛细血管细胞中被激活，MMP-2和-9的激活诱导视网膜毛细血管细胞凋亡。本综述将重点关注糖尿病视网膜中的MMP-2和MMP-9，特别涉及氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、炎症和血管生成，并总结目前将这些蛋白与糖尿病视网膜病变发病机制联系起来的信息。
