Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health PR China, Shanghai, China.
Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2014 Mar;42(2):190-7. doi: 10.1111/ceo.12158. Epub 2013 Aug 4.
Many clinical and fundamental studies have shown that high myopia (HM) and glaucoma are closely associated. In particular, the occurrence and progression of primary open-angle glaucoma interact with the progression of HM. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the association between the two disorders: the hypertension gene theory and the collagen-related gene theory. HM and primary open-angle glaucoma patients show similar collagen changes and hypersensitive responses to glucocorticoids. Consequently, these common features may hold key information regarding their underlying mechanisms. Advances in life sciences, such as molecular genetics, provide opportunities for clarifying their association at the molecular level. This article reviews available research on the association between these two disorders from the perspectives of epidemiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and pathogenic mechanisms.
许多临床和基础研究表明，高度近视（HM）和青光眼密切相关。特别是原发性开角型青光眼的发生和进展与 HM 的进展相互作用。为了解释这两种疾病之间的关联，提出了两种假说：高血压基因理论和胶原相关基因理论。HM 和原发性开角型青光眼患者的胶原变化和对糖皮质激素的超敏反应相似。因此，这些共同特征可能包含有关其潜在机制的关键信息。生命科学的进步，如分子遗传学，为在分子水平上阐明它们之间的关联提供了机会。本文从流行病学、临床表现、诊断和发病机制等方面综述了这两种疾病之间关联的研究现状。
