Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Curr Opin Virol. 2013 Aug;3(4):475-82. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2013.06.012. Epub 2013 Jul 11.
Defining the critical molecular interactions for inducing antiviral T cell responses is important for improvement of vaccines. Recent progress in understanding the role of T cell costimulatory molecules provides the insight that these molecules not only enhance CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in acute infections but also have an impact in latent and chronic viral infections. Intriguingly, the requirements for T cell costimulation seem to be distinct for each virus but nonetheless at least one or more costimulatory pathways are instrumental for development of protective immunity. Remarkably, certain viruses have evolved mechanisms to evade host costimulatory pathways to their advantage. These new insights have important implications for rational vaccine design.
确定诱导抗病毒 T 细胞反应的关键分子相互作用对于改进疫苗非常重要。最近在理解 T 细胞共刺激分子作用方面的进展提供了这样的认识，即这些分子不仅增强急性感染中的 CD4 和 CD8 T 细胞反应，而且对潜伏和慢性病毒感染也有影响。有趣的是，T 细胞共刺激的要求似乎因每种病毒而异，但至少有一种或多种共刺激途径对于保护性免疫的发展是至关重要的。值得注意的是，某些病毒已经进化出了利用宿主共刺激途径的机制来为自己谋取优势。这些新的认识对于合理的疫苗设计具有重要意义。
